Research on Mapping Method of Customer Need Information in Product Family Improvement

Aiming at ensuring that product family improvement is based on customer needs while taking full advantage of enterprise history database, firstly, customer needs in the product family improvement are expressed. Then a method of realizing the mapping of customer needs to functional requirements is presented, which is based on quality function development and association rule mining. Finally, an example illustrates the good application of the method.     

庆阳市土地利用变化的景观生态效应研究

本文以甘肃省庆阳市为研究对象,选取2005年和2010年Landsat TM影像作为基本信息源,借助GIS技术和Fragstas 4.0软件,研究庆阳市的土地利用/覆被变化及其景观生态效应。结果表明:（1）研究时段内土地利用/覆盖变化较大,各土地类型间转换频繁。落叶阔叶林面积大幅度减少,减少的落叶阔叶林转变为灌木林,且落叶阔叶林减少量大于灌木林增加量。耕地面积逐渐减少,草地、居住地和交通用地明显增加。（2）庆阳市斑块数目较多,平均斑块面积在增加,但景观丰富度、边缘密度和斑块密度呈减小趋势。斑块破碎化程度在减小,景观空间异质性减小和均质化发展使得景观稳定性降低。林草地边缘效应的降低,使其景观生态功能减弱。     

锤片式粉碎机工艺参数对水草饲料适口性和成品率影响的试验研究

以龙须眼子菜为代表的沉水植物是一种富含蛋白质、矿物质及维生素的良好饲料资源,但是由于水草表面吸附一层灰分与硫酸钠,作为饲料影响牛、羊的适口性。为了去除水草表面的粗灰分,找出影响水草的粗灰分去除率的最佳工艺参数,以内蒙古乌梁素海龙须眼子菜为研究对象,在不同含水率、转速和筛孔下利用锤片式粉碎机进行粗灰分去除率的正交试验研究,并对粉碎后的水草进行营养成分的检测,从不同的指标对这些数据进行方差分析。结果表明,在含水率约为17%,转速为4000 r/min,筛孔为8 mm时,水草粗灰分的去除效果较好,总的去除率达到70.8%,其中硫酸钠的去除率为34.7%。在方差分析的基础上利用灰色系统理论建立数学模型,预测不同工艺参数时水草的成品率,其最大误差为-1.69%,可以为粉碎机工艺参数的优化提供理论依据。     

水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长

Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish.     

基于Tablecurve 3D软件预测不同煮制条件下卤鸡腿出品率的研究

以卤鸡腿为研究对象,为了获得其在不同煮制条件下连续的出品率含量值,本研究采用Tablecurve3D软件对温度75、80、85、90、95、100℃、时间10、20、30、40、50、60、90、120 min以及出品率等重要参数进行三维曲面拟合,得到拟合曲面方程,从而获得卤鸡腿在不同煮制条件下出品率的连续预测模型。经分析,最佳预测模型的相关系数r2为0.93,为验证模型的可靠性,将新一批次27个样本数据带入预测模型,结果表明,该实测值和预测值的相关系数r~2为0.82,相对标准偏差基本都在8%以内,说明采用Tablecurve3D软件实现卤鸡腿出品率的连续预测方法是可行的,该结果可为卤鸡腿出品率的工艺控制提供基础数据和技术手段。     

河北省主要农产品比较优势研究

针对新时期河北省农业结构调整的需要,选用规模优势、效率优势和综合比较优势等指数,运用要素比例分析法,对河北省主要农产品的比较优势进行了分析研究.结果表明,河北省的小麦和玉米等粮食作物以及花生、棉花等经济作物具有一定的比较优势;蔬菜和水果效益优势明显,综合比较优势高.河北省农业结构调整应稳定小麦和玉米面积,大力推广优质专用品种,缩减稻谷种植;油料生产应重点扩大花生种植面积,提高胡麻籽生产效率;稳定发展比较优势高的蔬菜和瓜果,开发稀特菜和绿色无公害特色产品,注重比较优势,提高经济效益.     

生猪养殖户粪污治理行为决策的影响分析——基于大中小规模比较的视角

为探究生猪规模养殖粪污治理的有效路径,基于小、中、大规模比较的视角,利用在吉林和辽宁省调研的1 124个样本数据,实证分析了不同规模养殖户粪污治理行为的决策因素。研究发现：养殖收入仍是影响养殖户粪污治理决策的重要因素,政府补贴对促进小、大规模养殖户粪污治理的作用更为显著,加强粪污治理宣传与培训对中规模养殖户更为有利。此外,为推进粪污资源化利用,应以种养循环为主要发展方向,分类实施,协同推进,通过开展粪污治理宣传和培训,实施监管和补贴等激励措施,促进养殖户将粪污治理内化为自主行为。     

中南林学院竹类研究及其竹产品开发

竹林是世界上第二大森林，它不仅再生能力强，生长迅速、成材期短、产量高，而且具有一次造林永续利用等优点，是当今保护生态环境、退耕还林（草）首选的林种。通过近些年的研究发现，它的价值不仅仅体现在山区绿化和水土保持，而且从传统的编筐织席到现在的竹、木复合板材的加工利用以及与竹笋等有关的食品、饮料的综合开发，它已经成为不少地区广大林农的一大经济支柱和经济来源。     

毛木耳新品种‘申耳3号’

‘申耳3号’是从毛木耳品种‘AP4’中系统选育出的新品种。发菌周期短,出菇一致性好,潮次明显,朵型大,产量高,烘干后子实体正面为黑棕色,背部为灰白色,适合制干品销售。     

成品油管道泄漏扩散规律分析

对成品油管道泄漏扩散过程进行了研究,建立了油品孔口出流模型、油品喷射模型、油品蒸发模型、油池扩散模型和油品渗透模型等适用于油品泄漏过程不同阶段的理论分析模型.基于这些分析模型,可以精确地评价一起可能发生的泄漏事故对公众和环境造成危害的严重程度,以便于更加准确、切合实际地对成品油管道泄漏事故进行定量风险评价,为制定管道事故应急预案,减少事故损失提供理论指导,同时也有助于对成品油管道进行完整性管理研究.