Managing secondary dryland salinity: Options and challenges

Salt occurs naturally at high levels in the subsoils of most Australian agricultural land. As a result of clearing native vegetation, groundwater tables have risen, mobilising the stored salt and causing adverse impacts on farmland, infrastructure, water resources, and biodiversity. The main action required to prevent groundwater tables from rising is establishment of perennial plants, either herbaceous (pastures or crops) or woody (trees and shrubs). Recent technical and economic research has emphasised how difficult it will be to establish sufficient perennials to get control of groundwater tables. Where watertables are already shallow, the options for farmers are salt-tolerant plants (e.g. saltbush for grazing) or engineering (e.g. deep open drains). The existing options for farm-level salinity management are reviewed, with mixed but somewhat disappointing findings regarding their suitability for addressing salinity. However, there are also a number of good prospects for development of new and better options for plant-based management of salinity, and these are described.     

适应排灌行业需要 建设岗位培训制度——由江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心连续15年举办培训班引发的思考

由排灌机械行业的现状 ,结合江苏理工大学流体机械工程技术中心 15年来举办培训班的实践 ,提出了培养一大批掌握现代科学技术的工程技术人员和高素质员工是促进排灌事业发展最直接、最有效的措施 ,而制定和完善岗位培训制度是这一措施规范化、制度化、科学化的保证。文章阐述了岗位培训的概念 ,对建立岗位培训制度的原则、框架和体系作了探讨。     

六方(四方)形摇臂式喷头喷洒效果分析(三)

介绍了利用MATLAB软件，采用解析算法编制程序对六方(四方)形摇臂式喷头单喷头喷洒实验数据进行的分析处理，以及对该型喷头不同形式喷灌组合的喷灌效果进行的分析，讨论了现在比较流行的MATLAB软件在喷头实验数据处理及分析方面的应用及其优点。     

灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的设计与研究

介绍了 1种灌区灌溉自动化监控系统的组成、功能和实现方法。系统利用田间传感器实时测量田间参数 ,通过网络传送给控制计算机 ,由控制计算机根据决策模型自动控泵房电机起停、渠首闸门启闭实现灌区内农田自动灌溉 ,系统具有实时控制、实时数据采集与保存 ,现场实时视频监视等功能。     

我国植保机械及施药技术现状与发展趋势

阐述了我国植保机械及施药技术的现状,分析了我国施药技术中存在的问题以及与国外植保机械发展水平的差距,并提出了发展趋势。     

Incorporation of ridge and furrow method of rainfall harvesting with mulching for crop production under semiarid conditions

A plastic-covered ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting (PRFRH) system combined with mulches was designed to increase water availability to crops for improving and stabilizing agricultural production in the semiarid Loess region of northwest China. The system was built by shaping the soil surface with alternate ridges and furrows along the contour. The plastic-covered ridges served as a rainfall harvesting zone and furrows as a planting zone. Some materials were also used to mulch the furrows to increase the effectiveness of the harvested water. This system can make better utilization of light rain by harvesting rainwater through the plastic-covered ridge. The field experiment (using corn as an indicator crop) showed that grain yields in the PRFRH system with mulches in 1998 and 1999 were significantly higher than the controls, with an increase of 4010–5297 kg per ha (108–143%). In most treatments, the water use efficiencies (WUE) were in excess of 2.0 kg m⁻³. The WUE values of corn in this system were 1.9 times greater than the controls in 1998 and 1.4 times greater than the controls in 1999. The plastic-covered ridge led to a yield increase of 3430 kg per ha (92%) in 1998 and of 1126 kg per ha (21%) in 1999 compared with the uncovered ridge. On average, the additional mulches in the furrow brought about a yield increase of 8–25%. Based on the results of this study and other researches, this technique can increase corn grain yield by 60–95% in drought and average years, 70–90% in wet years, and 20–30% in very wet years. The PRFRH system had the potential to increase crop yield and produced greater economic benefit, therefore it could be used in regions dominated by light rainfall of low intensity where crops generally fail due to water stress.     

小型柴油机活塞与活塞环匹配的研究

活塞与活塞环是柴油机中工作强度最大的组件之一,对柴油机的性能、使用寿命和工作可靠性等指标都有极大影响。通过BH160F小型柴油机活塞材料的选用及对压缩高度、火力岸布置、活塞顶部形状和活塞环匹配等方面进行改进设计,使柴油机获得了良好性能指标。     

梳穗收获飞溅损失的分析和试验

梳穗收获时梳穗齿和穗头的梳脱位置对梳穗收获机的性能影响较大．本文对梳穗收获的飞溅损失进行了初步分析与探讨．确定降低飞溅损失的最佳梳脱区和有效梳脱区并进行了试验，找出了影响飞溅损失的主要参数。     

试论农业机械化在建设社会主义新农村中的重要作用

建设社会主义新农村,是党中央从贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的全局出发作出的重大战略部署,农业机械化发展必须适应农业现代化和建设社会主义新农村的需要,为我国实现农业现代化、解决“三农”问题,建设社会主义新农村作出农业机械化应有的贡献。     

农民工未来阶级、阶层走向解析

"民工"从语词上界定可以理解为:农民和工人双重身份,本文放在传统农业向现代农业转变的大背景下,着重考察了游离在城乡之间的农民工主题身份的认定,及其未来的阶级、阶层走向,按照断裂社会的运作逻辑,经过分化重组的当下社会必定会出现新的阶级、阶层.这些阶级、阶层与传统阶级、阶层有什么区别和联系,农民工如果被假定为工人阶级而客观存在.那么这些生活在城市里农民能否获得市民身份的认同?对这些问题的回答有利于我们走出"城乡二元格局"的困境,有利于构建更加稳定、和谐的社会主义新农村.