咸宁市园林绿地中观赏芳香植物的应用现状及分析

芳香植物兼有香料植物、药用植物及观赏植物等多种属性,为拓宽芳香植物在园林景观中的应用形式及范围,建设咸宁"香城"的同时满足人们对园林景观设计上的需求,在调查咸宁城区四类园林绿地中观赏芳香植物种类及应用情况的基础上,对咸宁城区园林建设中观赏芳香植物应用存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的对策,以便对观赏芳香植物开展进一步的研究,拓宽其应用领域。     

三都县木本芳香植物资源调查

采用野外实地调查和资料搜集整理相结合的方法对贵州省三都县木本芳香植物进行资源调查和分析。结果表明,三都县木本芳香植物资源共有74科166属376种。优势科有柏科(6种)、木兰科(19种)、樟科(49种)、蔷薇科(24种)、蝶形花科(12种)、芸香科(29种)。其中开发利用价值较大的是樟科、芸香科、蔷薇科、桃金娘科中部分属的木本芳香植物。     

轮虫培育池不同粒级藻类对浮游植物生物量和生产量的贡献

研究了流水轮虫培育池(14^#)、静水轮虫培育池(15^#)和轮虫饵料培养池(11^#)中不同粒级浮游植物，特别是超微藻类对浮游植物叶绿素和初级生产力的贡献。结果表明，在14^#池中，超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的3．7％、82．9％和13．4％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的13．6％、66．0％和20．4％。在11^#池中，超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的4．5％、16．1％和79．4％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的9．0％、78．9％和12．1％。在15^#池超微藻类、微型藻类和小型藻类的叶绿素a含量分别占总叶绿素a含量的4．7％、22．3％和73．0％。各粒级浮游植物初级生产力分别占总生产力的12．4％、60．8％和27．8％。水体中的初级生产力主要是由微型藻类提供，占总量的60．8％～78．9％，在轮虫培育池生态系统中微型藻类是主要生产者。     

Particulate phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient atmosphere of a protected and ecologically sensitive area in a tropical megacity

This study reports, for the first time, the profiles and source analysis of 16 US EPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with PM₁₀ (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) at a protected and ecologically sensitive area – the Yamuna Biodiversity Park – located in the megacity Delhi, India. Weekly PM₁₀ sampling was carried out at this location for 1 year (2009–2010) and the annual mean PM₁₀ level was found to be ～9 times the World Health Organization limit. Seasonal variation of PAHs (range 37.2–74.0 ng m^?3) was significant with winter values being 72% and 68% higher than summer and monsoon respectively. Principal component analysis coupled with multiple linear regression identified diesel, natural gas and lubricating oil combustion (49.5%), wood combustion (25.4%), gasoline (15.5%) and coal combustion (9.6%) sources for the observed PAHs. Heavy traffic on the national highway and arterial roads and domestic emissions from suburban households in the vicinity of the park appeared to have significantly affected its air quality. A substantial portion (～55%) of the aerosol PAH load was comprised of carcinogenic species, which yielded a considerably high lifetime inhalation cancer risk estimate (8.7E?04). If considered as a conservative lower-bound estimate, this risk translates into ～211 excess cancer cases for lifetime inhalation exposure to the observed PAH concentrations in Delhi.     

Space–time patterns of co‐variation of biodiversity and primary production in phytoplankton guilds of coastal marine environments

• 1. The relevance of biodiversity to ecosystem processes is a major topic in ecology. Here, we analyse the relationship between biodiversity and productivity of the nano‐ and micro‐phytoplankton guilds in coastal marine ecosystems.
• 2. The patterns of variation of species richness, diversity and primary productivity (as ¹⁴C assimilation) were studied in two marine areas: a eutrophic–mesotrophic area beside the River Po delta (northern Adriatic) and an oligotrophic area around the Salento peninsula (southern Adriatic–Ionian). The study was carried out at 23 sites in the northern area and at 45 sites in the southern area. Sites were arranged on expected spatial and temporal gradients of primary productivity variation, according to distance from the coast, optical depths and seasonal period.
• 3. 167 taxa were identified in the northern area and 153 taxa in the southern area. In both areas, the taxonomic composition of the nano‐ and micro‐phytoplankton guilds exhibited greater temporal than spatial variation. The latter was much higher in the southern area than in the northern area (average dissimilarity between stations being 70.7±0.8% and 44.7±4.2% respectively).
• 4. Primary productivity varied in space and time on the gradients considered. Phytoplankton species richness and diversity exhibited significant patterns of variation in space and time; overall, these were inversely related to the primary productivity patterns in the northern area, whereas they were directly related in the southern area.
• 5. The small individual size and the high turnover rate of phytoplankton are likely to underlie the observed relationships, which emphasized a threshold response to nutrient enrichment in agreement with the ‘paradox of enrichment’. Under resource enrichment conditions, the high turnover of producers leads to hierarchical partitioning of the available resources with an increasing dominance of a few species. Therefore, the relationship observed here seems likely to be explained by the complementarity hypothesis.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于CASA模型的植被净初级生产力时空演变格局及其影响因素——以湖北省为例

为了揭示湖北省植被NPP的时空演变规律及驱动机制,基于CASA模型计算2000—2018年湖北省植被NPP,结合气象数据和土地利用数据,利用重心模型、相关性分析和贡献指数等方法分析植被NPP的时空变化及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)2000—2018年湖北省植被NPP年均值介于532.19～656.49 g C/(m²·a),整体呈波动上升趋势;(2)湖北省植被NPP在空间分布上表现为由西北向东南递减的趋势,植被NPP重心迁移轨迹呈M型,西北地区的增量和增速较大高于东南地区。(3)湖北省植被NPP与年均气温呈正相关的区域面积占全省总面积的54.49%,主要分布在荆门、荆州地区以及宜昌东南部地区; 年均NPP与年降水量呈正相关的面积高达87.65%,主要分布在随州、襄阳和孝感北部地区。(4)2000—2018年研究区域内NPP总量增加19.86×10^-2 Tg C,在土地利用变化引起的NPP损益中,主要由其他土地类型向林地、耕地和草地转换引起; 不同时期土地覆盖变化对NPP总量的贡献率有所差异,2000—2010年建设用地贡献率最高为53.81%,2010—2018年耕地贡献率最高为61.53%。     

土壤中多环芳烃污染及其环境行为研究进展

概述了土壤环境中多环芳烃的来源和分布,同时分析了多环芳烃在土壤中的环境行为研究进展。     

多倍体连翘外植体初代培养

为了实现多倍体连翘的快速繁殖,以多倍体连翘幼嫩叶片、茎尖、茎段为外植体,开展了初代培养的试验研究.结果表明:茎段比茎尖和叶片更适合作为多倍体连翘芽诱导的培养材料;基本培养基为MS培养基.适合腋芽诱导的培养基配方为MS+ 6-BA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.2 mg/L.诱导产生的新芽生长迅速,而且长势较壮,有利于组织培养的进一步研究.     

新疆地区民族中小学体育风险管理研究*

研究呈现新疆民族中小学体育意外伤害发生特征,提出相应的风险管理策略。结果发现,民族中小学生因好动不羁个性、宗教特征,男生意外伤害高于女生,体育训练与竞赛风险发生率较高,足球成为频次最高的项目,学生自身和场地环境为主要风险因素,教师在风险管理策略选择上处于被动地位。