内蒙古通辽市2011年7月15—16日强对流降水过程分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星云图及数值预报产品等资料对2011年7月15—16日内蒙古通辽市出现的一次强对流降水天气过程进行了分析,结果表明,有利的大尺度环流、充沛的水汽条件、高空急流的存在、低空水汽的辐合、强的上升运动及不稳定能量的作用,是激发该次对流降水极为有利的因素。如果能通过对该次降水过程的总结,得出一些经验和指标,并应用于今后的预报工作当中,为今后的强对流降水预报提供参考依据,将会对提高预报准确率起到至关重要的作用。     

不同禁牧时间对典型草原净初级生产力的影响

为了研究禁牧对典型草原生产能力的影响,对在不同时间采取禁牧措施的典型草原的生物量和净初级生产力进行了研究.结果表明,禁牧有利于生物量的提高,而且禁牧时间越长,生物量越高,禁牧17年、7年、2年以及放牧草原的生物量分别为3771.69g/m2、3248.33g/m2、2711.06g/m2和2348.50g/m2.草原生态系统地下生物量明显高于地上.3种禁牧草原的净初级力普遍高于放牧草原,分别为后者的1.23(禁牧2年)、1.20(禁牧7年)和1.08倍(禁牧17年),但是净初级生产力并不随禁牧时间的增加而增加.典型草原物质价值由高到低的顺序为:禁牧17年(1011.68元/hm2·a)＞禁牧7年(600.32元/hm2·a)＞禁牧2年(521.52元/hm2·a)＞放牧草原(301.28元/hm2·a).以上结果表明,禁牧对典型草原的净初级生产力及生物量有明显影响,采取禁牧措施有利于典型草原生产能力的恢复.     

施肥对特高多花黑麦草初级生产力影响的研究

通过N、P、K肥单施及其不同配比混施，研究了施肥对提高特高多花黑麦草初级生产力的影响。结果表明，N、P、K肥单施和不同配比混施均能提高特高多花黑麦草的鲜草产量，但混施的增产效果比单施更好。施用尿素400kg／hm^2，过磷酸钙500kg／hm^2，硫酸钾200kg／hm^2，产量最高，播种后8周达到11723．3kg／hm^2。     

空气悬架对提高车辆抗倾翻能力的分析

针对近年来商用车侧翻事故的凸现,提出了一种利用空气悬架提高车辆倾翻阀值,减小车辆倾翻危险的方法,编写了控制器,在MATLAB中SIMULINK下建立了七自由度车辆模型,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,半主动空气悬架能够有效提高车辆倾翻阀值,提高车辆抗侧翻能力。     

THE WAYS FOR IMPROVING INDOOR ENVIRONMENT AND AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS IN DANCLING HALLS

Since 1988, air temperature, humidity, air quality, noise level and intensity of illumination in lots of dancing halls in China have been investigated and tested. This paper introduces the present situation of indoor environment and air conditioning systems in dancing halls of China. The design indexes of cooling load for room and ontside air are recommended. The reasons for indoor environment deterioration have been found out. From the actual situation of China, the ways for imoroving indoor environment and approach of energy conservation in air conditioning systems are explored.     

Effects of grazing intensity on seed production of Caragana stenophylla along a climatic aridity gradient in the Inner Mongolia Steppe,China

As the increases of climatic aridity and grazing intensity,shrubs play an increasingly important role in grassland ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions,and its abundance also generally increases.However,the effects of climatic aridity and grazing intensity on sexual reproduction of shrubs in grassland remain largely unclear.In order to understand the effects of grazing intensity and climatic drought stress,and their interaction on seed production of shrub species,we examined the seed number,seed weight and seed yield of Caragana stenophylla under three grazing intensities(fenced,mild grazing and severe grazing) across a climatic aridity gradient(semi-arid,arid,very arid and intensively arid zones) in the Inner Mongolia Steppe,northern China during 2012–2013.The seed number,seed weight and seed yield gradually increased from the semi-arid to the very arid zones,but decreased from the very arid to the intensively arid zones in fenced plots.The seed number and seed yield decreased from the semi-arid to the intensively arid zones in mild and severe grazing treatment plots,therefore,grazing enhanced the suppression effect of climatic aridity on seed production of C.stenophylla.The seed number and seed yield gradually decreased as grazing intensity increased.The seed weight was highest in severe grazing plots,followed by the mild grazing plots and then the fenced plots.Precipitation varied interannually during the study period.We observed that the seed number,seed weight and seed yield were lower in the low precipitation year(2013) than in the high precipitation year(2012).As climatic drought stress increased,the negative effects of grazing on seed production of C.stenophylla also gradually increased.Our results indicated that climatic drought stress may contribute to the encroachment of C.stenophylla shrub in arid zones by promoting its seed production.However,grazing had negative effects on sexual reproduction of C.stenophylla,and the combined effects of drought stress and grazing seriously suppressed sexual reproduction of C.stenophylla in the intensively arid zone.     

基于模糊控制的LPG发动机空燃比试验研究

LPG发动机的空燃比控制系统以开环和闭环相结合的方式对LPG发动机的空燃比进行控制;并通过模糊控制方式实现PID控制参数的在线调整,使系统获得响应速度快、超调量小的控制效果.试验结果表明,本控制系统在调整时间和稳定性方面都取得较好效果,改善了发动机的燃烧情况.     

铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞活性及糖原含量的影响

为了探讨铜对肉鸡原代肝细胞活性及糖原含量的影响,试验分别用10,50,100μmol/L Cu2+在体外孵育原代肝细胞,PAS染色后测定30分钟和1,2,4,24,48,72小时各时间点的原代肝细胞活性及24小时时的糖原含量。结果表明:50μmol/L和100μmol/L Cu2+仅分别在72小时和4小时之后明显降低细胞活性;随着铜浓度的升高,糖原含量减少。说明高浓度铜可降低原代肝细胞活性,促进肝糖原分解。     

微纳米加气灌溉对温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响

为了探究微纳米加气灌溉对番茄的影响,采用温室小区试验,选择不同的水分控制下限条件,研究了其对番茄生长发育、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,微纳米加气灌溉模式下番茄株高、茎粗、单株叶面积增长速度较常规灌溉得到显著提高,表现为苗期、开花期、坐果期番茄生长优势明显,生长后期增长速度近似相同。基于番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率2个指标条件,微纳米加气灌溉较常规灌溉增长效果更好。微纳米加气灌溉改变番茄产量分布特征,促进番茄提早成熟从而获得更大的经济效益。微纳米加气灌溉对番茄VC量、可溶性固形物和蛋白质均有不同程度提高,有机酸呈降低趋势,对糖酸比的影响不大。综合认为,微纳米加气灌溉应用在温室番茄种植是可行的。     

植物群落对空气负离子浓度影响的研究

对上海地区常见的21个群落距地面1.5 m的空气正、负离子浓度进行了测试分析,结果表明:群落增加空气负离子浓度极显著高于水泥地,经多重比较发现草坪提高空气负离子浓度的能力最弱,竹类群落提高空气负离子浓度的能力最强;空气质量指数CI值呈正态分布,CI值在0.5～0.7的群落最多;竹类群落的CI最高,均值为0.83,比草坪CI值提高了117%;针叶群落与阔叶群落的CI相近,比草坪CI值提高了70.7%;CI与空气负离子浓度呈极显著正相关,与群落叶面积指数呈显著正相关,与群落优势种的胸径、树高无关;聚类分析结果表明,植物群落可明显改善微环境的空气质量,其中改善空气质量能力较高的群落为群落8、15、16、17等,改善空气质量的能力较差的是草坪、群落12、群落9、群落7.