微生态制剂在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展

微生态制剂能够改善动物胃肠道内的微生态平衡,对动物的身体健康和生产有益.为了解微生态制剂在畜禽饲料中的应用现状,在检索微生态制剂在畜禽饲料中的研究成果的基础上,分析目前微生态制剂在使用过程中存在的问题,并结合市场需要提出了一些建议.     

黑龙江省西部低山丘陵区集水造林不同整地形式及效果评价

针对不同立地荒山分别试验环山掘壕、环山深拉沟、环山拉沟侧筑埂等整地形式,测定、比较不同整地形式与对照对土壤水分含量、土壤理化性质的影响,不同整地形式的造林成活率及林木生长状况。结果表明,掘壕整地可使造林成活率提高20多个百分点,林木初期高生长提高20％以上,环山深拉沟及环山拉沟侧筑埂整地可使造林成活率提高10～20个百分点,林木初期高生长提高10％以上,造林效果显著。     

“保林制剂”注杆防治南昌市园林树木害虫试验研究

对南昌市园林绿化树种害虫:光肩星天牛、桃红颈天牛、杨扇舟蛾、绿刺蛾、扁刺蛾、紫薇绒蚧等进行"保林制剂"注杆防治试验,结果表明"保林制剂"对杨扇舟蛾、扁刺蛾和绿刺蛾具有很好的防治效果,且药物剂量在6.0-10.0 mL/10cm胸径时,其防治效果能达到了90%以上。防治效果快、药效持续时间长,用药方便、没污染、对周边环境无影响等优点。     

Growth Response of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) 3–5 Years After Plantation Establishment Using Different Management Intensities

The upward trend of intensive management in Southern pine forests is expected to continue, both in area and intensity level. Much of the Mississippi Lower Coastal Plain (LCP) is managed intensively using some combination of mechanical site preparation, chemical site preparation, and herbaceous weed control (HWC). We studied pine growth response and competition control on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations 3–5 years following establishment using five combinations of chemical site preparation, mechanical site preparation, and HWC. Treatments were designated a priori as 1 (least intensive) through 5 (most intensive) largely on the basis of anticipated impact on the vegetation community. We measured pine height and diameter at breast height (dbh); woody stem density; hardwood basal area (BA); coverage of herbaceous plants, understory woody plants, and pine trees; and estimated differences in pine response using age-shift calculations at age 5. Pine height and dbh were correlated with treatment intensity; treatment 5 maintained an average advantage of 1.4-m height and 2.5-cm dbh over treatment 2, the least responsive treatment. Woody stem density varied widely and was not affected by treatment; understory woody coverage was also unaffected by treatment. Coverage of herbaceous plants was reduced in treatments receiving broadcast HWC, and in treatment 2, where slower establishment of pines may have acted as a release for competing woody plants. Age-shift gains relative to treatment 2 ranged from 0.4–1.0 years. Based on year 5 measurements of hardwood BA, it is likely that treatments 1 and 2 will fall further behind treatments 3–5 as the stands mature. Greatest control of competing vegetation and maximum growth of pines was achieved with the most intensive treatment.     

Design and evaluation of a one-operation shallow up-cut tillage sowing method for soybean production

ABSTRACT

Sowing using a rotary tiller rotating in reverse (up-cut) is a labor-saving technology for soybean production because it can perform tillage and sowing, make ridges, and bury winter crop residues in one operation. However, the power requirement of up-cut rotation is higher than of normal rotation (down-cut), resulting in lower working speeds. Shallow tillage sowing methods may be a solution to this problem. Here, we develop a shallow tillage sowing method using an up-cut rotary and a side-disk which could perform the aforementioned works in one operation and conducted field experiments in 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of our sowing method (up-cut shallow tillage; UST) on ridge shape, soil volumetric water content (VWC) and soybean growth and yield, compared to conventional sowing methods (up-cut conventional tillage; UCT, and down-cut conventional tillage; DCT). Ridge shape did not differ among sowing methods. The VWC at 10 and 20 cm depths in DCT was always higher than in UST and UCT, indicating poorer drainage. The VWC at 10 cm depth decreased quickly after rain in UST and UCT, indicating good surface-layer drainage, but at 20 cm depth in UCT, VWC was lower than in UST, especially during dry spells, indicating higher water-holding capacity in UST than in UCT. Shoot and root growth and seed yield did not differ among sowing methods, indicating that UST did not negatively affect soybean growth and yield. These results suggest that UST can be used for soybean production.     

中药复方制剂禽康素对鸡免疫功能的影响试验

将2周龄健康雏鸡,滴鼻免疫新城疫活疫苗,同时肌肉注射新城疫灭活疫苗,随机分为2组,试验组饲料中添加中药复方制剂禽康素,对照组饲料中不添加任何药物,连续给药14d。免疫后7、14、21d,采用β-微量血凝抑制试验检测雏鸡抗体水平,测定鸡的ERFC形成率和EAC花环形成率,计算脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊三种免疫器官指数。试验结果显示,试验组鸡和对照组相比,雏鸡抗体水平、ERFC形成率和EAC花环形成率、三种免疫器官指数均有显著提高。     

油松全光育苗技术

总结了油松全光育苗技术,包括选地整地、做床、种子处理、播种、苗期管理等内容,并提出高床育苗、及时加大洒水量等方法,以促进良种壮苗的培育。     

Relationships between the addition rates of cellulase or glucose and silage fermentation at different temperatures

The influence of the application rates of cellulase preparation and glucose on silage fermentation at different temperatures was studied with the straw of naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emand Lam) and guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Addition rate of cellulase and glucose, temperature and their interaction had significant effects on pH value, lactic acid content, butyric acid content and propionic acid content of naked barley straw silage and significant effects on all the parameters of guineagrass silage (P < 0.01). Temperature and interaction had significant effect on acetic acid content (P < 0.05) and no significant effect on NH₃‐N content of naked barley straw silage (P > 0.05). Under all the temperatures, the pH values of barley straw and guineagrass silages were reduced by cellulase and glucose addition even at the lowest rate (P < 0.05), compared with their corresponding control. Lactic acid contents of silages were the highest within the same temperature and same additive when glucose and cellulase were added at the highest rates, whereas the effect of cellulase and glucose addition on butyric acid production varied with their application rates and silage storage temperature. The addition rate of restricting butyric acid fermentation was lower at 20°C than that at 30°C, and it was the lowest at 40°C where cellulase and glucose addition restricted butyric acid fermentation even at 0.1 g/kg and 10 g/kg, respectively, when compared to the control. While the addition rate was lower than the above level, cellulase and glucose addition also promoted butyric acid fermentation.     

血红素的应用与提取方法

血红素是血红蛋白、肌红蛋白等的辅基,具有重要的生理功能,在医药、食品等方面得到广泛应用。论文介绍了血红素的冰醋酸提取法,酸性丙酮提取法、羧甲基纤维素提取法、酶解提取法、血粉提取法、有机酸和有机碱混合提取法。     

Effects of Yimu Shenghuasan Preparation on the Cytochrome P450 in Endometrial Cells and Immune Function of Dairy Cows

In order to investigate the mode of action ofYimu Shenghuasan preparation in endometrial cells of dairy cows, the primary cultured endometrial cells in cows were isolated and the inflammatory models were made by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） induction. The inflammatory cells were treated with gradient concentration of herbal medicine preparation, Yimu Shenghuasan for 48 and 72 h. The expression of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） was detected by Western blot. The amounts of IgG and lgA in sera were also detected in the endometritis of dairy cows. The expression level of CYP450 in the endometrial cells of dairy cow was increased gradually, and the amounts of IgG, IgA were increased significantly as compared with those in the control group. The expression level of CYP450 in the inflammatory cells was increased significantly in the treatment of 2 000 μg mL^-1 of Yimu Shenghuasan after 48 h of treatment.