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巴氏杀菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌污染可能会产生肠毒素,对人体健康造成危害。分别监测在4、10、16、20、24、28℃储藏条件下金黄色葡萄球菌在巴氏杀菌乳中的生长数据,采用Modified Gompertz模型、Logistic模型、Huang模型和Baranyi模型构建金黄色葡萄球菌动力学一级模型,采用平方根模型和Arrhenius模型建立二级模型以描述温度与相对最大生长速率(μmax)的关系。结果显示,各温度下Modified Gompertz模型的拟合度更优,决定系数(R2)>0.98,均方根误差(RMSE)<4.6,为最合适的一级模型。二级模型中,Arrhenius模型的拟合度更优(R2=0.99,RMSE=0.60)。相较于平方根模型,外部验证显示Arrhenius模型的精确度因子(Af)和偏差因子(Bf)分别为1.39和0.87,较接近于1,说明预测效果更好。研究结果可为巴氏杀菌乳中金黄色葡萄球菌的风险评估提供数据基础,为乳品货架安全期预测提供科学依据。 相似文献
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电子束辐照对小麦储藏抑菌及加工品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
该文研究了不同剂量电子束辐照对储藏小麦微生物菌落的抑制作用,以及辐照后对小麦主要储藏指标与加工品质的影响。试验结果表明,电子束辐照对储藏小麦菌落总数有明显的抑制作用(P<0.01),且辐照剂量越高菌落总数越低;不同剂量辐照后,对所有霉菌属的抑制效果均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。经0~5.1 kGy剂量辐照后,小麦感官及基本营养成分没有太大变化;面团流变学特性表明,除稳定时间和断裂时间随着剂量的增加略增外,评价值与弱化度呈负相关,其他吸水率、形成时间的变化并不十分明显;但高剂量照射使其面筋指数、α-淀粉酶活性迅速降低,经5.1 kGy剂量辐照的比未经辐照的小麦降落数值下降了56.12%。馒头制品品尝评分也随着辐照剂量的增大而降低。 相似文献
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现代食品微生物学原理及应用是食品科学与工程硕士研究生需要掌握的一门重要课程。在教学过程中,优化教学内容、创新教学方法、改革实验教学,有助于提高教学质量,培养研究生良好的科学精神和创新能力。 相似文献
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为了解决混合动力汽车的实时能量管理及优化问题,在保证不过多简化被控对象的基础上得到最优解,该文提出一种基于V2X(vehicle to vehicle,车车通信,以及vehicle to infrastructure,车与交通设施通信)的分层控制方法。设计了一种分层控制器,上层控制器基于交通信号灯正时(signal phase and timing,SPAT)得到目标车速的初始值,并采用多岛遗传算法和非线性模型预测得到最优目标车速。下层控制器根据上层控制器的最优目标车速,采用自适应等效燃油消耗最小原理(adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy,A-ECMS),得到发动机和电机的最优输出功率。该文对分层控制方法进行了硬件在环仿真,仿真结果表明,该文提出的分层控制方法可以很好地实现混合动力汽车的实时能量管理,有效地避免混合动力汽车红灯停车,实现良好的车速跟随并减少百公里油耗。该研究可为解决混动力汽车实时能量管理及优化提供参考。 相似文献
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Seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal thoroughbred brood mares in Florida 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Objective To evaluate seasonal effects on the presence or absence of fungal and aerobic bacterial flora of the conjunctival fornix of normal Florida Thoroughbred horses. Sample population Both eyes of 100 horses. Procedure Horses with normal anterior segment ophthalmic examinations from three farms in north central Florida were included. Each animal had the ventral conjunctival fornix of each eye swabbed with sterile culturettes. Samples were taken in October, January, April, and July (1999–2000). Aerobic and fungal cultures were plated. Bacterial cultures were reviewed at 24 and 48 h. Fungal cultures were reviewed weekly for 4 weeks. Logistic regression analysis with season as a factor and age of the horse as a covariate was performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.01. Results Horses ranged from 3 to 24 years of age, with a median age of 9 years. Twenty‐four genera of bacteria and 35 genera of fungi were recovered. Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Moraxella sp. were the bacteria most frequently isolated. Mold species, dematiaceous mold species, Chrysosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp. were the most frequently recovered fungi. Season did not have a significant effect on the presence of microorganisms isolated for individual horses adjusted for age. Younger horses had an increased incidence of gram‐negative rods and fungal isolates. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. Conclusion There were no significant differences between the number or type of organisms cultured during the sampling seasons in normal Florida horses. A large range of normal bacterial and fungal flora were isolated from these horses. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. The likelihood of detecting an organism depends on the horses’ age. 相似文献
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Concordet D Vergez F Trumel C Diquélou A Lanore D Le Garrérès A Pagès JP Péchereau D Médaille C Braun JP 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2008,37(1):96-103
BACKGROUND: Urea and creatinine are the most frequently used indirect markers in plasma and serum of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Both have been shown to lack sensitivity but their diagnostic efficiency for the diagnosis of kidney disease has been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of possible factors of variation on both analytes and to determine whether specific decision rules should be drawn up for subpopulations of dogs. METHODS: The results of urea and creatinine measurements, breed, sex, age, and health status (healthy, renal disease, or nonrenal disease) of 3822 dogs were collected from the archives of 5 veterinary clinics. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate decision rules with and without adjustment. RESULTS: There were significant effects and interactions of almost all of the sources of variation. Slight improvements in diagnostic efficiency were obtained by adjusting the decision rules to these sources of variations. Univariate decision rules gave approximately the same diagnostic efficiency for urea and creatinine concentrations, with sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70% and 90%, respectively, using the upper limit of the reference interval as the threshold value. Multivariate decision rules provided only minor improvements in diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous measurement of both urea and creatinine is of limited diagnostic value over the analysis of a single variable. Creatinine is the preferred analyte as it is affected by fewer extrarenal factors of variation. 相似文献
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Hill D Correa MT Stevens JB 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1994,23(3):73-75
Azostix-reagent-tests(R) strips (Ames, Miles, Inc., Diagnostic Division, Elkhart, IN) were used to measure blood urea nitrogen values in blood samples from 125 dogs and cats at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine. Results of the tests were compared with standard serum urea nitrogen results. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values were high (86.4, 90.3, and 96.5%, respectively). Positive predictive value was low, 65.5% of the dogs and cats with elevated blood urea nitrogen values were correctly classified as abnormal The test performs well when the prevalence of abnormal values is near 50%. 相似文献