引进国外先进技术 促进北京市草莓产业快速发展

为加强日系草莓品种的抗病性,减轻病虫害危害、增加产量,以提高京郊草莓种植水平,北京市农业技术推广站在北京市对外科技交流协会的支持下,先后聘请日本专家对北京市草莓生产进行技术指导。通过技术交流,先后引进了草莓高架基质栽培、营养钵育苗和高架网槽式育苗等新型技术,丰富了北京市草莓栽培模式,提升了草莓种苗的品质,有效地促进了北...     

微生物学实验教学内容体系的改革与实践

为激发学生实验兴趣,培养学生创新能力,在微生物实验教学中通过构建新的实验体系、合理安排实验顺序、改验证性实验为探索性实验等改革,建立了合理的微生物学实验课程测验系统,有效提高了微生物学实验教学质量,培养了学生独立自主的创新能力。     

基于介电频谱的灵武长枣可溶性固形物含量的预测模型

为了探寻利用介电频谱预测灵武长枣可溶性固形物含量的可行性,并建立最优模型,该文采用网络分析仪在200 MHz~18 GHz的频率范围内,选取101个频率点,测定分析了300个灵武长枣的介电损耗因子ε″和介电常数ε'频谱,利用长枣的介电损耗因子ε″和介电常数ε'进行了可溶性固形物含量的预测模型研究。通过遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)和相关系数法(correlation coefficient,CC)提取了介电频谱的有效信息,并分别采用偏最小二乘(partial least squares,PLS)、主成分回归(principal component regression,PCR)和支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)法比较建立了可溶性固形物含量的预测模型。研究结果表明:用GA与CC方法提取频谱有效信息的建模效果要优于原始频谱的建模效果;PCR法的建模效果要优于PLS与SVM法的建模效果。以介电损耗因子ε″、介电常数ε'频谱建立的可溶性固形物含量的最优预测模型分别为GA-PCR和CC-PCR。以介电损耗因子ε″建立的GA-PCR模型优于介电常数ε'的CC-PCR模型,其校正集和预测集的相关系数分别为0.933和0.925,均方根误差分别为0.661%和0.702%。结果表明,利用介电频谱预测灵武长枣的可溶性固形物含量是可行的。     

Application of Organic Wastes in a Soil Polluted with Different Rates of Cr-Pb: Effects on Soil Biological Properties

An experiment was performed to determine the effects of adding municipal solid waste (MSW) and poultry manure (PM) to a soil polluted with chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and Cr + Pb on the biological parameters of the soil. Soil was mixed with two solutions of Cr(NO₃)₃ and/or Pb(NO₃)₂ to give three concentrations (0, 100, and 250 mg Cr kg^?1 soil and 0, 100, and 250 mg Pb kg^?1 soil) and treated with MSW or PM. When the soil was contaminated with the metals without combining, the greatest adenosine triphosphate (ATP), urease, and phosphatase inhibition percentages occurred for 250 mg Pb kg^?1 soil. When the heavy metals were mixed, the inhibition of the biochemical parameters increased. The application of MSW and PM decreased the inhibition of the biochemical parameters and microbial population in the polluted soils. The inhibition percentage was greater for the soil amended with MSW than with PM, possibly due to the high humic acid concentration.     

不同基材边坡土壤肥力变化趋势预测——以向家坝水电站工程区为例

[目的]对向家坝水电站工程区7种不同基材边坡土壤在2005—2014年的肥力进行测定和分析,并预测未来肥力变化趋势,旨在为大型水利水电工程区边坡植被重建及生态恢复提供理论与技术支撑。[方法]运用灰色理论研究各肥力因子间的灰色关联度,以此确立主要肥力因子来表征土壤肥力,而后建立Logistic预测模型探讨土壤肥力未来25a的变化情况。[结果]微生物量与其他肥力因子间的灰色关联度均大于其他肥力因子相互之间的灰色关联度,可作为主要肥力因子来表征土壤的肥力水平;2005—2040年上述边坡土壤微生物量(肥力水平)总体表现为:天然林天然次生林植被混凝土边坡厚层基材框格梁回填土客土喷播弃渣地。[结论]随着时间的推移,各边坡土壤的微生物量(肥力水平)将最终趋向稳定,在人工营造的边坡植被生境中,植被混凝土边坡的土壤肥力表现最佳。     

副溶血性弧菌生长预测模型的建立与应用探讨

通过测定2株副溶血性弧菌4~40℃的生长曲线,研究它们的生长规律,运用预测食品微生物学的方法,分别对它们建立初级和二级预测模型。结果表明,副溶血性弧菌的生长曲线在低温阶段,适用线性回归方程拟合;在适温阶段,生长曲线都呈典型的S形,适合用Gompertz模型拟合。二级模型采用平方根方程的扩展式Ratkowsky3式拟合,根据二级预测模型,分别得出副溶血性弧菌的最低生长温度Tmin,最高生长温度Tmax和最适生长温度。模型验证表明,预测值和实测值的残差都在±0.05范围内,偏差因子和准确因子均在可接受范围内,模型是可靠的。最后,讨论了模型的应用前景。     

关于荧光定量PCR在预测微生物学中的运用分析

预测微生物学是由计算机、微生物与统计学等学科综合而成的一种新型学科,主要利 用数学语言对微生物生长与死亡规律进行预测、描述。荧光定量PCR 主要利用荧光信号对聚合 酶链式反应进程进行监测,通过标准曲线定量分析位置模板。本文主要对荧光定量聚合酶链式 反应技术进行研究,并对其在预测微生物学中运用进行分析,以供相关人士参考。     

基于高光谱的枣树叶片氮素表征方法

为提高枣树种植过程中施用氮肥的精准性,本研究以南疆重要经济作物骏枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)为研究对象,通过对枣树叶片原始光谱和一阶微分光谱与全氮含量的相关性进行分析,利用光谱敏感变量构建植被指数作为衍生变量,再以衍生变量作为变量建立多种线性和非线性的氮素含量预测模型,并对氮素含量预测模型进行精度检验。结果显示：基于枣树原始光谱和一阶微分光谱的模型拟合决定系数均大于0.75,原始光谱变量的预测效果整体好于一阶微分光谱;预测效果最好的是基于原始光谱变量4的幂函数模型：Nit=1.097x^0.735,R²为0.821,RMSE为0.024 5。研究表明,建立的氮素含量预测模型能够实现基于高光谱反射率特征对枣树氮素的较好监测效果,能够作为枣树营养素诊断的重要理论依据。     

基于模型预测算法的智能车辆横向控制研究

针对智能车辆的横向控制问题,采用3自由度车辆模型,设计了一种基于模型预测算法的车辆横向控制策略。将非线性的3自由度车辆模型进行线性化和离散化,得到线性离散的车辆模型。以前轮转角为控制量,横摆角偏差和横向位移偏差为输出量推导出车辆预测模型,并且建立目标函数和约束条件。最后通过驾驶员在环仿真实验验证,所提出的控制策略能有效实现智能车辆的横向控制。     

Zinc methionine and laminarin have growth‐enhancing properties in newly weaned pigs influencing both intestinal health and diarrhoea occurrence

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction between zinc methionine (ZnM) and laminarin (LAM) on piglet growth performance and intestinal health post‐weaning. Experiment 1 was designed as 2 × 2 factorial with four treatments [n = 8, weaning age (WA) 24 days, live weight (LW) 7.15 kg]: (i) basal diet (BD); (ii) BD + 500 mg/kg ZnM; (iii) BD + 300 mg/kg LAM; and (iv) BD + 500 mg/kg ZnM + 300 mg/kg LAM. There was an interaction (p < 0.05) between LAM and ZnM. Pigs that were offered the LAM diet had a similar performance to the BD. However, when combining LAM with ZnM, pigs had reduced average daily gain (ADG), gain‐to‐feed ratio (G:F) and LW at slaughter at day 8 post‐weaning compared to the ZnM. Both LAM and ZnM improved the small intestinal morphology of the pigs at day 8 post‐weaning. Experiment 2 was designed as 2 × 2 factorial with four dietary treatments (n = 9, WA 24 days, LW 7.32 kg): (i) BD; (ii) BD + 500 mg/kg ZnM; (iii) BD + 175 mg/kg LAM; and (iv) BD + 500 mg/kg ZnM + 175 mg/kg LAM. The ADG and average daily feed intake were improved between day 0 and 31 PW when pigs were offered a LAM diet (p < 0.01). Faecal scores were reduced between day 0 and day 31 post‐weaning with ZnM (p < 0.001). Experiment 3 consisted of four dietary treatments (n = 10, WA 24 days, LW 7.32 kg): (i) BD; (ii) BD + 3300 mg/kg zinc oxide (ZnO); (iii) BD + 500 mg/kg ZnM; and (iv) BD + 175 mg/kg LAM. Pigs that were offered the ZnO diet had an increased ADG compared to the BD or ZnM diets (p < 0.01). Pigs that were offered the LAM diet had increased ADG compared to the ZnM diet (p < 0.05). Faecal scores were reduced between day 0 and day 31 PW with ZnM or ZnO supplementation (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the inclusion of 175 mg/kg LAM and ZnO improved ADG while both ZnO and ZnM reduced the faecal scores post‐weaning.