Seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal thoroughbred brood mares in Florida

Objective To evaluate seasonal effects on the presence or absence of fungal and aerobic bacterial flora of the conjunctival fornix of normal Florida Thoroughbred horses. Sample population Both eyes of 100 horses. Procedure Horses with normal anterior segment ophthalmic examinations from three farms in north central Florida were included. Each animal had the ventral conjunctival fornix of each eye swabbed with sterile culturettes. Samples were taken in October, January, April, and July (1999–2000). Aerobic and fungal cultures were plated. Bacterial cultures were reviewed at 24 and 48 h. Fungal cultures were reviewed weekly for 4 weeks. Logistic regression analysis with season as a factor and age of the horse as a covariate was performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.01. Results Horses ranged from 3 to 24 years of age, with a median age of 9 years. Twenty‐four genera of bacteria and 35 genera of fungi were recovered. Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Moraxella sp. were the bacteria most frequently isolated. Mold species, dematiaceous mold species, Chrysosporium sp., Cladosporium sp., and Aspergillus sp. were the most frequently recovered fungi. Season did not have a significant effect on the presence of microorganisms isolated for individual horses adjusted for age. Younger horses had an increased incidence of gram‐negative rods and fungal isolates. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. Conclusion There were no significant differences between the number or type of organisms cultured during the sampling seasons in normal Florida horses. A large range of normal bacterial and fungal flora were isolated from these horses. The number of bacteria and fungi isolated are not uniform across seasons. The likelihood of detecting an organism depends on the horses’ age.     

A multicentric retrospective study of serum/plasma urea and creatinine concentrations in dogs using univariate and multivariate decision rules to evaluate diagnostic efficiency

BACKGROUND: Urea and creatinine are the most frequently used indirect markers in plasma and serum of glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Both have been shown to lack sensitivity but their diagnostic efficiency for the diagnosis of kidney disease has been minimally investigated. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of possible factors of variation on both analytes and to determine whether specific decision rules should be drawn up for subpopulations of dogs. METHODS: The results of urea and creatinine measurements, breed, sex, age, and health status (healthy, renal disease, or nonrenal disease) of 3822 dogs were collected from the archives of 5 veterinary clinics. Data were analyzed with univariate and multivariate decision rules with and without adjustment. RESULTS: There were significant effects and interactions of almost all of the sources of variation. Slight improvements in diagnostic efficiency were obtained by adjusting the decision rules to these sources of variations. Univariate decision rules gave approximately the same diagnostic efficiency for urea and creatinine concentrations, with sensitivity and specificity in the range of 70% and 90%, respectively, using the upper limit of the reference interval as the threshold value. Multivariate decision rules provided only minor improvements in diagnostic efficiency. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous measurement of both urea and creatinine is of limited diagnostic value over the analysis of a single variable. Creatinine is the preferred analyte as it is affected by fewer extrarenal factors of variation.     

利用BIOLOG系统对不同种类细菌鉴定的研究

为完善细菌鉴定工作,本试验通过利用BIOLOG细菌自动微生物分析系统(简称BIOLOG系统)对13株大肠杆菌、15株巴氏杆菌和7株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了鉴定,并与传统方法[1]包括形态学观察、革兰氏染色、生化实验等的鉴定结果进行了比对.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比BIOLOG系统具有准确、快捷、简便的优点,同时也有一定的局限性,从而为BIOLOG系统的更好使用提供了实验依据.     

Spoilage of Lightly Salted Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) Roe at 5 ° C

Abstract

Lightly salted lumpfish roe (3.5–4.8% fw/w] salt in the water-phase, pH 5.4, vacuum-packed) was stored at 5°C. After 2 1/2 or 3 months of storage, different degrees of spoilage, caused by bacterial activity, occurred in eleven roe batches. Off-odors ranged from no or very weak odors to strong sulphury, sour odors. The microflora consisted of lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and Vibrio spp. Concentration of lactic acid, acetic acid, trimethylamine and total volatile bases were unrelated to spoilage odors. Volatile sulfur compounds (H₂S, probably CS₂, CH₃SH and CH₃CH₂SH or CH3SCH3), produced during storage, appeared to be contributors to spoilage odors.     

我国中药材价格指数预测研究

以中药材天地网30种中药材价格指数为研究对象,使用HP-LSTM-MLP混合预测模型对中药材单品种价格指数和综合价格指数进行预测,并与LSTM(long short term memory networks,长短期记忆网络)、RNN(recurrent neural network,循环神经网络)、GRU(gated recurrent unit,门控循环单元)等预测模型进行比较分析。研究结果表明,在RMSE和R_(score)~2两个预测效果衡量指标中,HP-LSTM-MLP混合预测模型的RMSE为65.33,R_(score)~2为0.99,皆优于其他3种模型。采用HP-LSTM-MLP模型分别预测我国30种主要中药材综合价格指数以及单品种价格指数,结果显示,对中药材综合价格指数的预测结果平均相对误差为1.89%;对黄连、连翘和麦冬等单品种价格指数的预测结果的平均相对误差分别为3.36%、5.66%和3.22%,说明HP-LSTM-MLP模型泛化能力较好,对我国中药材价格指数预测具有一定的应用价值。     

食品微生物学实验课教学改革初探

根据学校特点和食品微生物学实验课程的需要,为培养学生实际操作能力、创新能力以及综合能力,从实验大纲、教学方式和考核方式几个方面提出了食品微生物学实验教学改革的思路和建议。     

山地电力架空线路运维质量的智能评估

山地电力架空线路大多沿山架设,穿越树竹林,周边的树竹生长缺陷引发短路故障频繁发生,造成用电客户的大量投诉,用户体验满意度下降,抢修抢险费用大幅度攀升,严重影响供电公司的信誉和售电收益.为了提升用电客户的满意度和供电公司的售电受益,采用主成分分析方法提取了山地电力架空线路通道运维质量的3个主要影响因素,它们分别是树竹生长缺陷数、缺陷的消除数和通道运维资金使用合理度.对树竹的生长规律建立一个预测模型,从而得到树竹生长缺陷数的一个预测,根据预测结果划拨架空线路所在供电所的运维资金,消除树竹生长的缺陷数,再用Logistic回归模型,构建架空线路通道运维质量智能评估模型,使供电公司对架空线路运维实现基于数据决策的模式,尽可能保证供电线路零故障运行.     

提高食品微生物学实验课教学质量的探索

从采用灵活多变的教学手段、自行设计实验内容、强化实验操作技能和养成实验操作习惯等方面,提出如何提高食品微生物学实验课的教学质量,培养学生动手能力、独立思考解决问题的能力、创新能力。     

食品微生物实验教学改革研究

从优化教学内容、更新教学手段、改革考核方式三个方面对广东海洋大学食品微生物学实验教学改革进行探究,使得该课程更加适合广东海洋大学食品学院教学目标,提高了学生的动手与创新能力及课程教学质量.     

兽医微生物学实验教学改革

为提高兽医微生物学实验教学质量,增强学生对实验操作技能的实践应用能力和创新能力,对传统实验课程教学进行探索性改革.通过加强实验室安全管理,改善实验室条件,优化课程体系,并将实验教学与科研创新有机结合,同时改革效果评价模式等,有效提高了兽医微生物实验教学质量,提高了学生学习积极性和自主性,提升了学生的综合实验素养.