响应面法优化蓝藻溶藻菌CZBC1发酵培养工艺

[目的]优化蓝藻溶藻菌——蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1的发酵培养工艺,为蓝藻溶藻菌制剂的工业化发酵生产提供技术支持.[方法]通过单因素试验筛选适合蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1生长的最适碳源和氮源,在单因素试验的基础上,采用中心组合试验设计(CCD)确定关键因子的最佳数量水平,并以Desig-Expert 8.0.5进行回归分析,通过响应面分析获得CZBC1的最佳发酵培养工艺参数.[结果]蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1的最佳碳源、氮源分别为麸皮+糖蜜(1:1)和酵母膏.以麸皮+糖蜜用量(A)、酵母膏用量(B)、pH(C)、培养时间(D)为因素变量,CZBC1芽孢数(lgN)为响应值,拟合得到二次多元回归方程为lgN=8.5019-0.2222A+0.0998B-0.1292C+0.3801D+0.2194AB-0.1133AC+0.1350AD+0.2049BC-0.0651BD+0.0638CD-0.1260A2-0.3152B2-0.0380C2-0.2533D2,其中,碳源(麸皮+糖蜜)用量与氮源(酵母膏)用量的交互作用、碳源用量与pH的交互作用、碳源用量与培养时间的交互作用、氮源用量与pH的交互作用对CZBC1芽孢数的影响均达极显著水平(P<0.01,下同).响应面分析优化得到的蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1最佳发酵培养参数:麸皮+糖蜜6.84 g/L,酵母膏3.36 g/L,pH 6.50,培养时间42 h.此条件下,CZBC1芽孢数的实际值为5.75×108 CFU/mL,与理论值(5.90×108 CFU/mL)间无显著差异(P>0.05),但极显著高于优化前采用营养肉汤发酵培养的芽孢数(1.28×107 CFU/mL).[结论]采用响应面法优化得出蜡样芽孢杆菌CZBC1最佳发酵培养工艺能有效提高菌株的芽孢数量,且模型拟合效果较好,可用于指导蓝藻溶藻菌制剂的工业化发酵生产.     

Correlated Responses in Two Traits when Selection is Practised on their Ratio

In many fields of application in plant breeding and crop science, ratios of two component traits X and Y are of interest (harvest index in cereals, leaf-to-stem ratio in forage legumes, height-to-diameter ratio in forest trees etc.). When selection is practised on the ratio X/Y of two traits X and Y, the experimenter may be interested in the resulting changes of both trait means. Based on improved approximations for the covariances between X and X/Y and between Y and X/Y and for the variance of X/Y the changes in the means of X and Y can be predicted by applying the regression approach from conventional selection theory. Explicit expressions for these correlated responses in X and Y when selection is practised on their ratio X/Y are derived and discussed. The different outcomes (decrease, zero change or increase) for the selection pressures on X and Y are characterized by phenotypic coefficients of variation of X and Y, phenotypic and genotypic correlations between X and Y and heritabilities of X and Y.     

资源型城市产业结构演变的环境效应研究——以鞍山市为例

产业结构是经济活动与生态环境相互作用的重要纽带,资源型城市产业结构演变的环境影响具有独特的研究价值。选取典型资源型城市-鞍山市为案例,从演变的视角,研究产业结构与环境质量的动态变化特征,并利用典型相关分析的方法探讨二者的相互作用。研究表明,第二产业为主体、黑色金属冶炼及压延工业为主导以及国有制为主要运行环境是鞍山市产业结构的主要特征;鞍山市大多数环境污染物排放量的波动下降趋势明显,但仍维持在较高水平上;产业结构演变的环境效应显著,不同类型的产业对不同污染物的环境影响不同。     

植物对污泥的响应及其根系对重金属的活化作用

采用温室盆栽试验,对生长于污泥中的几种耐性植物遏蓝菜属(Thlaspigoesingense)、羽叶鬼针草(Bidensmaxi-mowiczianaOett)、酸模(RumexacetosaL.)、紫苜蓿(MedicogosativaL.)和印度芥茉(Indianmustard)的植物干重、体内重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)的含量、叶片中叶绿素含量和植物根系对重金属的活化率做了研究。结果表明,生长于污泥中的植物其干重比对照均有不同程度的增加,其中羽叶鬼针草与对照相比差异极显著;不同植物对不同重金属的吸收量亦不同;各种植物叶片中的叶绿素含量变化不同,与对照相比,差异不显著;遏蓝菜对Cu、Zn的活化率最高,印度芥茉对Cd的活化率最高。     

Captopril exerts myocardial protective effect in coronary microembolization rats by inhibiting oxidative stress injury and alleviating inflammatory response

AIM: To investigate the effects of captopril (CAP) on oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response induced by coronary microembolization (CME) and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: The rat model of CME was established by clamping the rat artery and injecting blood microemboli. The rats were divided into control group, CME group and CME+CAP group, with 6 rats in each group. The myocardial tissues of each group were collected. The changes of myocardial structure and the degree of inflammatory response were analyzed by HE staining. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The fluorescence intensity of cleaved caspase-3 was detected by immunofluorescence obervation. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were determined by Western blot. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase was measured by ELISA. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DHE fluorescence staining. RESULTS: CAP significantly reduced the myocardial structural changes (P<0.05), inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.01), number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax (P<0.01), and ROS production levels (P<0.01), but promoted the activity of antioxidant markers SOD and catalase (P<0.01) in the CME rats.CONCLUSION: CAP attenuates CME-induced myocardial injury by resisting oxidative stress and alleviating inflammatory response.     

H2O2参与大麦对白粉菌的防卫反应

抗病品种Ｓｕｌｔａｎ－５及其突变体与白粉菌小种Ａ６互作的细胞学研究表明,接种３６ｈ后,抗感品种中白粉菌分生孢子形成附着胞的频率及侵入频率无显著差异。抗病品种比感病品种过敏性反应细胞明显增多,过生反应与Ｍｌａ－１２基因型的大麦品种对白粉菌的小种专化抗性有关,用ＤＡＢ（地氨基联苯胺）观察到Ｈ２Ｏ２在乳突和过敏性反应细胞中积累。接各ｈ后在初生芽管的乳突以及接种１５ｈ后在附着胞下面的乳突有晕圈处有Ｈ２Ｏ２     

Serum neopterin levels in female dogs with malignant mammary tumours

In this study, we have determined serum neopterin levels in female dogs with primary malignant mammary tumours. The study involved 50 female dogs which had a malignant mammary tumours removed surgically (32 animals with carcinoma, 12 animals with sarcoma and 6 animals with carcinosarcoma) and 10 clinically healthy female dogs. Serum neopterin levels were determined using a commercial ELISA kit. The mean neopterin levels were lower in the malignant tumour groups than in healthy animals but differences were statistically significant only in carcinoma and sarcoma groups. The decrease of neopterin levels in animals with malignant mammary tumours may suggest their decreased cellular immunity. Moreover, it might indicate that decreased activity of cellular mechanisms of the anti‐neoplastic response is one of the factors associated with the development and course of malignant mammary tumours in female dogs; however, further studies are necessary.     

芝麻不同时期去叶对蒴果发育和产量的影响及保叶增产措施

采用定株观察，以芝麻生长正常单株为对照，研究不同生育时期，不同蒴果发育时期去叶，对芝麻农艺性状和单株产量的影响。结果表明，随着芝麻生育进程，终花期，封顶期，盛花期去叶减产值幅度递增。相同植株同天开花采取不同时期去叶所结蒴果分别与对照相比，去叶时间越早秕籽率越高，千粒重越低。同时还进一步研究出延长芝麻中上部叶片功能期，提高单株产量的技术措施。     

响应曲面法优化野蔷薇根多糖脱色工艺

[目的]优化野蔷薇根多糖的过氧化氢(H2O2)法脱色工艺条件,为野蔷薇根多糖的脱色纯化提供技术支持.[方法]以野蔷薇根为试验材料,以多糖脱色率和保留率为考察指标,利用响应曲面法对H2O2法脱色野蔷薇根多糖的工艺条件进行优化.[结果]通过响应曲面法建立野蔷薇根多糖脱色的回归模型为:Y=94.84+3.08A+1.83B+0.88C+0.17AB+0.23AC-0.055BC-3.17A2-1.31B2-0.87C2(Y为多糖脱色率,A为H2O2体积分数、B为溶液pH、C为脱色时间),该模型拟合度较好.H2O2法脱色野蔷薇根多糖的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2体积分数35.0%、溶液pH 9.00、脱色时间4.5 h,在此条件下多糖脱色率和保留率分别为95.48%和75.17%,脱色率与理论值96.55%的相对误差为1.11%.H2O2体积分数、溶液pH和脱色时间3个因素对野蔷薇根多糖脱色效果均有极显著影响(P<0.01).[结论]H2O2脱色法具有操作简便、脱色效果明显、成本低等优点,可对野蔷薇根多糖进行有效脱色.     

响应面法优化常温饮用型酸乳配方

采用响应曲面法对常温饮用型酸乳的配方进行优化。用Plackett-Burman设计法研究全脂乳粉与乳清粉的蛋白比例、琼脂、淀粉、果胶、果糖和稀奶油添加量6 个因素对酸乳黏度及持水力的影响,筛选出影响酸乳黏度和持水力的显著因素,用Box-Behnken试验设计优化最佳配方。结果表明：全脂乳粉与乳清粉的蛋白比例、琼脂、淀粉及果胶添加量是影响常温饮用型酸乳黏度和持水力的显著因素（P＜0.05）;经过响应面试验设计建立黏度、持水力和4因素的模型,对此模型进行求解得到最佳配方为全脂乳粉与乳清粉的蛋白比例5∶1、琼脂