基于随机森林算法的农耕区土地利用分类研究

基于随机森林算法,采用多季节、多时相光谱信息、纹理信息和地形信息进行分类研究,选出最佳分类方案对农耕区土地利用信息进行提取,并利用随机森林算法对所有特征变量进行降维,将降维后的变量分别用于随机森林、支持向量机和最大似然分类法,分析不同分类方法对农耕区土地利用类型提取的适用性。研究结果表明:基于随机森林算法的多源信息综合分类方案进行土地利用信息提取效果最佳,总体精度85.54%,Kappa系数0.835 9;利用随机森林算法进行特征选择可以在有效降低数据维度的同时保证分类精度;3种分类方法中,随机森林算法总体分类精度81.08%,分别较支持向量机和最大似然法高9.46%和5.27%。利用随机森林分类法结合多源信息能够有效对农耕区土地利用类型进行分类,为土地类型的划分提供了快捷可行的方法。     

分子标记选择小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4b、Pm13和Pm21聚合体

 培育多个抗病基因聚合的小麦品种是提高其抗病广谱性和持久性的有效途径之一。利用小麦抗白粉病基因Pm4、Pm13、Pm2 1的特异PCR标记 ,对含有Pm4b、Pm13、Pm2 1的小麦品系复合杂交F2 代 4 0个植株进行检测 ,从中选择到Pm4b +Pm13+Pm2 13个基因聚合的抗病植株 11个 ,检测、选择到Pm4b +Pm13、Pm4b +Pm2 1、Pm13+Pm2 12个基因聚合的抗病植株 19个 ,为持久、广谱抗病小麦育种奠定了基础。研究还表明 ,3个独立的显性抗病基因在F2 代分离群体中的分离比例基本符合孟德尔独立分配定律 ,在小麦背景下的遗传稳定性 ,与该基因供体和普通小麦的亲缘关系密切相关 ,亲缘关系越远 ,丢失的概率越大。因此 ,在育种过程中对外源基因鉴定和跟踪非常必要     

枣实蝇对枣果挥发物的选择行为

[目的]探究对枣实蝇有引诱作用的挥发性物质,研发基于行为调节的防治技术。[方法]采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物的选择行为反应,并在室内试验的基础上进行田间引诱试验。[结果]室内试验结果显示,枣实蝇成虫对6种枣果挥发物具有显著正趋性。枣实蝇雌虫对棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸的选择率较强,选择率均为30%以上;雄虫对亚油酸乙酯、油酸乙酯的选择率较强,选择率均为25%以上,从不同浓度梯度(原液、10%溶液、1%溶液)的选择率和选择系数来看,随浓度的递减,其选择率和选择系数也在递减,原液的选择率分别为10%溶液及1%溶液的2.5倍及5倍以上。田间试验发现:肉豆蔻酸对枣实蝇雌虫的诱集效果较强,2 d最多诱捕数量为15头·只-1,平均诱捕数量为11.4头·只-1,十四酸乙酯次之。在6种不同挥发物中油酸乙酯和亚油酸乙酯对枣实蝇雄虫的引诱效果较强。经单因素方差分析发现,在6种挥发性物质及混合物中,月桂酸乙酯及十四酸乙酯对枣实蝇雌雄虫的引诱效果之间存在显著性差异。其他挥发物之间无显著差异。[结论]枣果挥发物中棕榈酸乙酯、月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸与枣实蝇偏爱选择密切相关。在田间试验中:枣实...     

广州地区地毯式屋顶绿化植物筛选及其评价

通过对广州地区广泛收集引种的乡土植物,以及现有栽培的地毯式屋顶绿化植物种类品种的栽培观察,初步筛选适合广州地区地毯式屋顶绿化的植物共39科65属85个种类品种。利用自行构建的广州地区地毯式屋顶绿化综合评价模型对85个种类品种进行评价,其中有21个种类品种适合在广州地区地毯式屋顶绿化中大规模推广应用。     

食蚊鱼对水生昆虫的捕食选择性研究

为了解食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis对华南地区水生昆虫多样性的影响,在实验室条件下,以食蚊鱼栖境中有代表性的3种水生昆虫为猎物,研究食蚊鱼的捕食选择性.结果表明,在单捕食者-多种猎物作用系统中,当猎物密度较低时,食蚊鱼对不同猎物的捕食选择性差异不显著.但随猎物密度的增加,食蚊鱼对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus幼虫和蛹的捕食量明显增加,对摇蚊Chironomus kiiensis幼虫和蜉蝣Cloeon bengalense稚虫的捕食量下降.在单捕食者-2种猎物的作用系统中,在猎物比例相同的情况下,食蚊鱼更喜欢捕食白纹伊蚊幼虫;但是在猎物总数不变的情况下,改变猎物比例,对食蚊鱼总的捕食量影响不大.说明食蚊鱼喜欢捕食漂浮于水面上、会动的活体猎物,对死的或不动的猎物不敏感,且对蚊子幼虫具有明显的嗜好性.     

越桔耐涝品种的筛选

通过对盆栽越桔采用田间观察、生理生化指标测定等方法 ,研究了引种越桔 5个类型10个品种的耐涝能力。结果表明 ,5个类型越桔的耐涝能力 ,笃斯越桔强于高丛越桔、半高丛越桔和红豆越桔 ,矮丛越桔耐涝能力最差。但半高丛、矮丛越桔中也有一些品种表现出较强的耐涝能力。各品种按耐涝能力由强到弱排列依次为 :艾朗 >兰丰 >科丽尔 >北村 >圣云 >7917>美登 =斯卫克 >芝妮 >北空     

Spatial association between northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and potential prey distribution during the wintering period in the northern Sea of Japan

Elucidating the response of marine predators to oceanographic features helps in understanding their foraging strategies and the cause of their spatial overlap and interference with fishery activities. Northern fur seal is a highly pelagic species during the wintering period. In recent years, fur seals have consistently been found distributed near the coast of southwest Hokkaido, Japan. Because interference by fur seals with coastal fishery activities has become a serious concern, an understanding is sought as to why fur seals come ashore in this area. We conducted ship‐based observations and estimated fur seal density. To elucidate the spatial and seasonal association of fur seal distribution and ocean environments, we constructed statistical models to describe how potential prey distribution and oceanographic features influenced the fur seal spatial distribution during the wintering period. Fur seal distribution corresponded markedly to potential prey distribution, and they tended to aggregate along the narrow continental shelf that is the main geographic feature of this area, which is 2000 m deep and approximately 10 km from the coast. Walleye pollock [Gadus chαlcogrαmmα (Theragra chαlcogrαmmα)] and arabesque greenling (Pleurogrammus azonus), which are one of the main prey for fur seals, move to the shallow area to spawn on the continental shelf seasonally, so potential prey abundance could be higher in coastal areas than offshore. Moreover, the absence of a mesopelagic biotic community may be one of the main factors in the coastal distribution of the fur seal.     

浙南地区杉木杂交组合再选择的研究

对4片定植于浙江和江西两地的全同胞试验林进行调查,评选出的若干优良杂交组合,进行重复制种和区域 化造林试验。于2001年11月份调查了遂昌试点3年生的杉木全同胞试验林,测定树高,地径,轮盘数,冠幅和成活 率5个性状,经过方差分析,方差一协方差分析和综合指数分析,初步评出9702(龙15×1339);9706(1419×1339); 9703(龙15×闽33)3个全同胞家系,其表聊突出,3年生树高超过223 cm,同时适应性也强,造林成活率在97.9％ 以上,值得在浙江省南部类似地区推广应用。     

Tagging and mapping a second resistance gene for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium</Emphasis> wilt race 0 in chickpea

A second gene conferring resistance to the chickpea wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris race 0, has been mapped to linkage group 2 (LG2) of the chickpea genetic map. Resistance to race 0 is controlled by two genes which segregate independently; one present in accession JG62 (Foc0 ₁ /foc0 ₁ ) and mapping to LG5 and the second present in accession CA2139 (Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ ) but remaining unmapped. Both genes separately confer complete resistance to race 0 of the wilt pathogen. Using a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population that segregated for both genes (CA2139 × JG62) and the genotypic information provided by two markers flanking Foc0 ₁ /foc0 ₁ ten resistant lines containing the resistant allele Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ were selected. Genotypic analysis using these ten resistant lines paired with ten susceptible RILs, selected in the same population, revealed that sequence tagged microsatellite sites (STMS) markers sited on LG2 were strongly associated with Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ . Linkage analysis, using data from two mapping populations (CA2139/JG62 and CA2156/JG62), located Foc0 ₂ /foc0 ₂ in a region where genes for resistance to wilt races 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 have previously been reported and which is highly saturated with tightly-linked STMS markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS).     

根癌农杆菌对结球白菜的转化

为了给外源有用基因导入结球白菜并高效稳定地表达提供依据，以结球白菜的子叶－子叶柄为外植体，采用农杆菌共培养法把外源基因C58／pV11导入结球白菜，在选择最优的转化条件－根癌农杆菌侵染外植体15min，农杆菌培养和共培养时在培养基中均加入AS，培养基pH为5．2，共培养3d的条件下，获得转基因植株，其中抗性植株的抗草丁膦试验，转基因植株DNA的PCR及PCR－Southern斑点杂交鉴定等结果表明，50％的抗性植株的基因组中有外源基因的整合。