番茄育苗播种机双腔排种滚筒的性能试验研究

针对现有气吸滚筒式排种器部件多、装配难、密封性差、无正压投种气室,以及难于实现正压投种清堵功能、直接造成排种器漏播率高的的技术问题,提出了利用3D快速成型技术打印剖分式负压吸种滚筒的新思路,并创新设计了双腔排种滚筒。以番茄种子为试验对象,以滚筒转速、滚筒负压和投种腔气室正压为试验因素,进行正交回归试验,并利用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析和回归拟合,分析了影响排种性能指标的滚筒负压、滚筒转速和投种腔气室正压的显著性,确定了影响排种性能指标较优的结构参数、工作参数,即当投种腔气室正压为2.2k Pa、滚筒负压为2.4k Pa、滚筒转速为16r/min时,性能指标的最优值及为单粒率93.2%,重播率4.3%,漏播率2.5%,均满足精量排种的技术要求。     

日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温性能及冷负荷计算模型

负压湿帘风机降温被广泛应用于温室生产中,但存在降温均匀性差、限制温室长度及对温室密闭性要求高等不足。为克服负压湿帘风机降温的局限性,提高日光温室降温能力,该研究设计了日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温系统,其气流组织方式为湿冷空气从南屋面底部进入日光温室,热空气由顶开窗排出室外。在北京地区无作物的日光温室对系统夏季降温增湿效果及性能进行试验,试验结果表明:在典型夏季高温白天,正压湿帘冷风降温系统配合遮阳网可将日光温室试验区内平均气温控制在30.7～33.4℃,比采用自然通风配合遮阳网的对照区低5.4～11.1℃,比室外低2.4～5.4℃,降温效果良好;夜间系统对温室降温幅度减小。该系统可有效缓解低湿胁迫,日光温室试验区空气平均相对湿度为49.8%～62.3%,比对照区及室外分别高13.6%～21.2%和13.6%～24.6%。室内风速0.35～1 m/s,气流分布差异性较小。试验条件下,正压湿帘冷风降温系统的平均降温效率为91%,比传统的负压湿帘风机高10个百分点以上;实际平均耗水量为0.035～0.079 g/(m~2·s),且耗水量与室外空气水蒸气饱和压差(VPD,vapor pressure deficit)呈正相关(P0.01,r=0.64)。同时,研究构建了日光温室冷负荷计算模型及湿帘冷风降温设备合理选型方法,其中冷负荷模型是降温设备选型的基础,普遍适用于各种日光温室降温方法的研究。计算得到日光温室夏季降温冷负荷为299.1W/m~2,应安装的正压湿帘冷风降温系统最大比通风量为0.067 m/s。该研究为日光温室正压湿帘冷风降温方法的工程应用提供了技术参考,为日光温室安全越夏生产环境控制提供了理论基础。     

专用堆型对应的核主泵正反转流动数值模拟

为了研究核主泵在定转速工况下的正反转特性,采用相似换算法,基于SST k-ω 湍流模型与块结构化网格,对缩比系数为0.5 的核主泵模型泵进行数值模拟.定义流量从泵进口流向出口为“+”,反之为“-”.在正转工况下分别对-0.8Q_d到+2.0Q_d流量范围内的16个工况点进行计算、反转工况下对-1.4Q_d到+1.0Q_d流量范围内的14个工况点进行计算,得到其全特性曲线.计算结果表明:在相同流量工况下,核主泵正转时的扬程与转矩总是高于反转时的扬程与转矩,叶轮扬程与泵扬程存在不同的变化趋势;在正转工况下,在 -0.1Q_d到+0.4Q_d流量范围内,叶轮扬程曲线呈现反“N”型变化趋势;在反转工况下,在-0.4Q_d到+0.1Q_d流量范围内,叶轮扬程曲线呈一个明显的“V”型变化趋势;叶轮出口处产生二次流回流现象,这是正转小流量工况下叶轮扬程降低的主要原因,而叶轮与导叶之间过渡段区域内的环形高速带和叶轮流道内的大尺度涡是反转小流量工况下叶轮扬程降低的主要原因.     

过量表达OsNPR1基因稳定提高水稻对白叶枯病的抗性

在拟南芥中,NPR1是系统获得抗性SA信号传导途径中的一个重要的调节因子,在水稻中已克隆到与之同源的OsNPR1基因。构建OsNPR1基因水稻过量表达载体,并将其转化粳稻TP309得到转基因植株;通过自交纯合,得到17个纯合株系;对T3、T4代纯合株系进行PCR鉴定,证实转基因纯合株系中外源伪OsNPR1基因具有遗传稳定性;检测了T1、T2代转基因株系和T3代转基因纯合株系对水稻白叶枯病病原细菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv．oryzae的抗病性,结果表明,在T1、T2代中70％以上的株系对水稻白叶枯病的抗性显著提高,T3代中约67％的株系对水稻白叶枯病的抗性显著提高,说明这种抗病性的提高具有遗传稳定性。OsNPR1基因可作为选育水稻抗白叶枯病新种质的一个良好的候选基因。     

Congenital orbital cysts of neural tissue in two dogs

A 3-month-old English Cocker Spaniel and a 6-month-old miniature poodle presented with clinical signs related to an abnormal right eye since birth. In both dogs, the right globe could not be identified and was replaced by a fluctuant intraorbital mass covered by a vascularized mucous membrane. Ultrasonography demonstrated that both masses were cystic structures markedly larger in size than the normal contralateral globes. In both cases, surgical excision revealed a multilobular cyst filling the whole orbital cavity. Histopathologic examination and immunostaining for glial fibrillary acid protein and S100 protein supported a diagnosis of neural cysts associated with ocular dysplasia. The definitive diagnosis was congenital cystic eye and microphthalmos with cyst for the Cocker Spaniel and miniature poodle, respectively. Karyotype was normal in both dogs. Congenital cystic eye and microphthalmos with cyst result from defects in early embryonic life that arise following formation of the optic vesicle and prior to closure of the optic fissure. To the authors' knowledge neither has been reported in the canine species. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cysts in dogs.     

冀西北地区绵羊螨虫感染情况调查研究

为摸清冀西北地区绵羊螨虫的感染情况,选取冀西北地区坝上和坝下几个具有代表性的养殖场,通过临床症状、显微镜检查和统计学分析对绵羊感染螨虫的发病情况、不同年龄、不同季节感染情况进行试验研究。结果表明:冀西北地区绵羊螨虫阳性率44%,不同年龄、不同季节的绵羊螨虫阳性率均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

Whole genome sequence analysis to detect signatures of positive selection for high fecundity in sheep

Ovulation rate and prolificacy are the most important reproductive traits that have major impact on the efficiency of lamb meat production. Here, we compared the whole genomes of the Romanov sheep, known as one of the high prolific breeds, and four other sheep breeds namely Assaf, Awassi, Cambridge and British du cher, to identify genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep. Selection signature analysis revealed 637 and 477 protein‐coding genes under positive selection from F_ST and nucleotide diversity (Pi) statistics, respectively. Further analysis showed that several candidate genes including LEPR, PDGFRL and KLF5 genes are involved in sheep prolificacy. The identified candidate genes in the selected regions are novel and provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying prolificacy in sheep and can be useful in sheep breeding programmes to develop improved breeds for high reproductive efficiency.     

Phenotypic and functional analysis of bovine peripheral blood dendritic cells before parturition by a novel purification method

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells specializing in antigen uptake and processing, and play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune response. A subset of bovine peripheral blood DCs was identified as CD172a⁺/CD11c⁺/MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II⁺ cells. Although DCs are identified at 0.1%–0.7% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the phenotype and function of DCs remain poorly understood with regard to maintaining tolerance during the pregnancy. All cattle used in this study were 1 month before parturition. We have established a novel method for the purification of DCs from PBMC using magnetic‐activated cell sorting, and purified the CD172a⁺/CD11c⁺ DCs, with high expression of MHC class II and CD40, at 84.8% purity. There were individual differences in the expressions of CD205 and co‐stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on DCs. There were positive correlations between expression of cytokine and co‐stimulatory molecules in DCs, and the DCs maintained their immune tolerance, evidenced by their low expressions of the co‐stimulatory molecules and cytokine production. These results suggest that before parturition a half of DCs may be immature and tend to maintain tolerance based on the low cytokine production, and the other DCs with high co‐stimulatory molecules may already have the ability of modulating the T‐cell linage.     

Tackling degradation of a seminatural landscape: options and evaluations

Degradation of a seminatural pond landscape in North West England has been occurring for at least 150 years. The remaining resource of 35 000 ponds is being reduced by natural succession, but is also being anthropogenically modified, by land development, neglect and from poorly considered management regimes. This paper defines degradation for the individual pond and for the pond landscape. Implications of degradation are drawn. Four existing approaches developed to combat degradation (including legal strictures, planning rules and voluntary conservation schemes) are evaluated with reference to both ecological and socio‐economic principles. Finally, a new planning philosophy and structure in the United Kingdom is assessed for its ability to combat degradation; particular emphasis is placed upon an ecological networks approach which offers new hope for conservation of both pond habitats and for their distinctive fauna and flora. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.