Airway management under general anaesthesia in pigs using the LMA-ProSeal: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the LMA-ProSeal for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the pig. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: Twelve German country pigs, weighing 25-62 kg. METHOD: Lungs of pigs were mechanically ventilated under general anaesthesia using the LMA-ProSeal. The ease of insertion, number of attempts and total time until placement of the LMA-ProSeal and gastric tube were recorded. Bronchoscopy was performed to determine the position of the LMA-ProSeal and to detect signs of aspiration. Ventilation variables and the leak airway pressure (P(leak)) were measured. An arterial blood gas sample was taken to determine the adequacy of ventilation. RESULTS: The airway was secured in all pigs within 39 +/- 19 seconds (27-51). Different sizes of LMA-ProSeal were used; up to 30 kg: size 3, up to 43 kg: size 4; and above 43 kg: size 5. In all but one animal the P-LMA and gastric tube were inserted at the first attempt. In nine animals gastric fluid was drained through the gastric tube. There was no evidence of aspiration in any animal. The mean [+/-SD (95%CI)]P(leak) was 28.8 +/- 7.5 cm H(2)O (24.06-33.60) and normal ventilation was achieved in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the airway of pigs weighing 25-62 kg can be secured safely and reliably with the sizes 3, 4 and 5 LMA-ProSeal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endotracheal intubation in pigs can be difficult so there is a risk of hypoxemia in the apnoeic animal. With the LMA-ProSeal the airway can be secured rapidly, safely and reliably. Use of the Standard-LMA under PPV can be associated with gas leakage into the stomach and the subsequent risk of gastric distension and regurgitation. Both the ability to drain the stomach and the high P(leak) of the LMA-ProSeal could contribute to improved protection against aspiration under PPV.     

高校图书馆服务社会之探索与实践——以深圳大学城图书馆为例

高校图书馆提升社会服务功能对社会、个人以及自身发展都具有积极的意义。但是现阶段国内高校图书馆面向社会服务的实践仍存在很多问题,文章以深圳大学城图书馆为例,对现存问题进行分析,提出一些可行性建议,以期为高校图书馆的社会服务进展提供借鉴。     

具有脉冲的非自治多种群Lotka—Volterra竞争系统的周期性

研究了一类具有脉冲和时滞的非自治n种群Lotka．Volterra竞争系统,利用重合度理论中的延拓定理,获得了保证系统正周期解存在的充分条件,揭示了当非自治n种群的出生率与投放率足够大或者种群内部竞争率足够小时,系统将产生生物性周期振荡现象．     

持续气道正压通气治疗阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并2型糖尿病的疗效观察

目的通过观察持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）的阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的胰岛素抵抗（IR）的影响。方法 46例合并T2DM的OSAHS患者随机分为2组,对照组（22例）行保守治疗,而实验组（24例）加用CPAP治疗。观察所有患者治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月的临床指标变化,采用稳态模式评估（HOMA）指数评价IR。结果实验组患者治疗1个月后,其最低SaO 2水平明显高于治疗前及同一时段的对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗3个月后,其呼吸暂停低通气指数明显低于治疗前及同一时段的对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗6个月后,其空腹胰岛素及HOMA水平明显低于治疗前及同一时段的对照组（P〈0.01）。结论长期CPAP治疗可显著改善合并T2DM的OSAHS患者的IR。     

渤海湾海陆统筹生态安全屏障构建

[目的]构建正向、负向作用区域相结合的生态屏障区,以充分实现生态屏障的保护、防御目标,为科学规划、实施生态屏障区分目标和差异化管理提供参考。[方法]以渤海湾生态系统为研究区域,通过水鸟多样性热点分析、生态系统服务价值评估、近岸海域生态系统质量评价得出正向、负向作用区域,结合各省份海洋保护规划目标,构建渤海湾海陆统筹生态安全屏障。[结果](1)水鸟多样性热点区域位于沿海滩涂、湿地和水体生态系统,冷点区域位于建设用地和耕地等频繁受人类活动影响的区域。生态系统服务价值由北向南呈现增加的趋势,其中水源涵养功能服务价值量最高。(2)近岸海域海水环境质量整体向好,但仍存在富营养化严重、赤潮等海洋灾害频发地点;由北向南,海洋环境承载能力逐渐下降、海洋渔业开发强度逐渐上升。(3)生态安全屏障共包括16个区域,其中正向作用区域11个,负向作用区域5个,主要位于近海一侧陆海交汇处,整体大致呈现间隔分布的特征。[结论]以生态屏障为指导开展规划管理、生态治理工作,正向作用区域、负向作用区域分别以实现保护目标、防御目标为宗旨,促进海陆一体化生态文明建设。     

Neurophysiological correlates of affiliative behaviour between humans and dogs

Few physiological parameters for positive human-companion animal contact have been identified and those that are established have all been in humans. The implication is that if the physiological reactions are mutual, dogs would experience the same psychological benefits from these neurophysiological changes as humans. Therefore, we have determined the role of certain neurochemicals during affiliation behaviour on an interspecies basis. Our results indicate that concentrations of beta-endorphin, oxytocin, prolactin, beta-phenylethylamine, and dopamine increased in both species after positive interspecies interaction, while that of cortisol decreased in the humans only. Indicators of mutual physiological changes during positive interaction between dog lovers and dogs may contribute to a better understanding of the human-animal bond in veterinary practice.     

Successful medical treatment of an orbital osteoma in a dog

A 6‐year‐old neutered male German Shepherd‐mixed breed with a 2‐month history of bilateral conjunctival hyperemia, epiphora, and a firm, slowly progressive swelling of the medial canthal region of the left eye (OS) was examined. Ophthalmic examination OS revealed a firm and smooth mass, extending from the medial canthus toward the medial orbital wall. Indirect ophthalmoscopy revealed indentation of the nasal part OS, which corresponded to the position of the orbital mass. Orbital neoplastic diseases were the main differential considerations. Computerized tomography revealed a bony smooth orbital mass without bone destructive features. Biopsy was performed, and histologic features were suggestive of osteoma. Systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory (NSAID) drugs resulted in complete mass regression and absence of clinical signs for 5 years following initial diagnosis. This report describes the first case of canine orbital osteoma, which was responsive to NSAIDs.     

Reactive histiocytosis of the orbit and posterior segment in a dog

We present a case of reactive histiocytic disease involving the orbit, optic nerve, retina, and choroid in a Border Collie dog initially presenting for vision loss. Long-term partial return of vision has been achieved with systemic immunosuppression. Anterior segment and ocular surface manifestations of reactive histiocytic disease in dogs are relatively common. Posterior segment and orbital involvement, however, are minimally documented in the existing literature. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of disease confined to the orbit and posterior segment as well as the first report of vision loss as a presenting complaint for reactive histiocytic disease. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, cytologic, and histopathologic findings are reviewed.     

番茄育苗播种机双腔排种滚筒的性能试验研究

针对现有气吸滚筒式排种器部件多、装配难、密封性差、无正压投种气室,以及难于实现正压投种清堵功能、直接造成排种器漏播率高的的技术问题,提出了利用3D快速成型技术打印剖分式负压吸种滚筒的新思路,并创新设计了双腔排种滚筒。以番茄种子为试验对象,以滚筒转速、滚筒负压和投种腔气室正压为试验因素,进行正交回归试验,并利用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差分析和回归拟合,分析了影响排种性能指标的滚筒负压、滚筒转速和投种腔气室正压的显著性,确定了影响排种性能指标较优的结构参数、工作参数,即当投种腔气室正压为2.2k Pa、滚筒负压为2.4k Pa、滚筒转速为16r/min时,性能指标的最优值及为单粒率93.2%,重播率4.3%,漏播率2.5%,均满足精量排种的技术要求。