猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒与副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的诊断

为确诊广东省阳江市某规模化猪场（存栏800头母猪）保育猪发病死亡的原因,本试验对从该发病猪场采集的3份肺脏、肝脏、脾脏临床样品进行细菌学检测及药敏试验,采用PCR/RT-PCR检测临床样品中猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪圆环病毒3型（PCV3）和猪肺炎支原体等病原。对特异性扩增的3株PRRSV的ORF5基因产物进行序列测定,与VR2332、HuN4、JXA1、CH-1a等代表毒株进行核苷酸序列同源性分析,并构建系统进化树。结果表明,试验分离鉴定出1株副猪嗜血杆菌（Hps）,对7种临床常用药如阿莫西林、头孢拉定等均有较强的敏感性。同源性比对结果表明,3株PRRSV （LJW1、LJW2和LJW3）ORF5基因核苷酸同源性为99.3%~99.8%,与欧洲型代表毒株Lelystad核苷酸同源性为64.0%~64.2%,与HP-PRRSV毒株JXA1、HuN4、CH-1a和TJ核苷酸同源性较高,分别为99.2%~99.5%、99.0%~99.3%、94.5%~94.9%和98.8%~99.2%;与中国河南和广西分离的HP-PRRSV毒株HeNzm1-16和GXLZ05-2015核苷酸同源性较高,分别为99.3%~99.7%和99.2%~99.7%,与美洲型经典疫苗株MLV、美洲型标准株NC、美洲型经典株VR2332核苷酸同源性较低,分别为88.5%~88.8%、85.2%~85.5%和82.3%~82.6%。PRRSV ORF5基因系统进化树分析表明,3株PRRSV均属于美洲型毒株,与国内HP-PRRSV代表毒株JXA1、HuN4和TJ等处于同一分支,亲缘关系较近。本研究揭示了该场保育猪发病病原,并从分子水平上明确了分离的3株PRRSV与不同代表毒株的亲缘关系,为弱毒疫苗的合理选择使用和综合防控PRRSV提供了参考依据。     

猪卵泡液和胎牛血清对猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

本研究探讨了猪卵泡液(pFF)和胎牛血清(FCS)对猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。将猪小腔卵泡(直径<2mm)卵母细胞-卵丘复合体(COCs)以15～35枚为一组随机置于添加不同浓度(0、5%、10%、20%)pFF(试验一)或不同浓度(0、5%、10%、20%)FCS(试验二)的改良TCM-199成熟液中培养44～48h,观察卵母细胞的核成熟率和卵丘扩散情况。试验一结果显示,成熟液中添加10%pFF与对照组和添加5%、20%pFF组相比,显著提高猪小腔卵泡卵母细胞的核成熟率(28 2%比20 5%、20 9%、22 3%;p<0 05);添加5%和20%pFF组与对照组相比,它们的小腔卵泡卵母细胞核成熟率之间差异不显著(p>0 05);添加5%pFF组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第3类扩散,添加10%和20%pFF组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第4类扩散,而不添加pFF的对照组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第2类扩散。试验二结果显示,成熟液中添加10%FCS与对照组和添加5%、20%FCS组相比,明显提高猪小腔卵泡卵细胞的核成熟率(60 0%比37 5%、40 2%、43 9%;p<0 05);添加5%和20%FCS组与对照组相比,它们的小腔卵泡卵细胞核成熟率之间差异不显著(p<0 05);FCS在COCs体外成熟培养的前22～24h促进了卵丘扩散(3个处理组的COCs卵丘细胞呈现第3类扩散,而对照组COCs的卵丘细胞呈现第2类扩散)。研究结果表明:(1)成熟液中添加pFF可促使猪小     

PK-15细胞的ISG15基因敲除促进PRV的复制

本试验旨在研究干扰素刺激基因15（interferon-stimulated gene 15,ISG15）敲除对猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）复制的影响。通过CRISPR/Cas9技术构建猪ISG15基因敲除猪肾上皮（PK-15）细胞系,利用CCK-8试剂盒检测PK-15敲除ISG15基因对细胞活力的影响,采用间接免疫荧光技术检测PK-15以及PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞感染PRV的增殖差异,通过RT-qPCR检测PRV-EP0、PRV-gE、PRV-VP16和IFN-β的转录水平,Western blot检测PRV-gE和ISG15的蛋白表达水平,以及通过病毒噬斑检测对子代病毒感染力的影响。结果表明,sgRNA1和sgRNA2均成功敲除ISG15基因;CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力结果表明,敲除ISG15基因对PK-15细胞活力无影响;间接免疫荧光检测结果表明,PRV感染后,PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞中的荧光强度明显高于PK-15细胞;RT-qPCR和Western blot结果表明,敲除ISG15可以促进PRV的转录和蛋白表达;病毒噬斑试验进一步显示,敲除ISG15可以促进PRV的复制。另外,RT-qPCR结果显示,敲除ISG15可以抑制PRV感染引起的IFN-β转录上调。本研究成功构建了PK15-ISG15^-/-细胞系,并通过PRV感染试验证实ISG15基因可以抑制PRV在PK-15细胞中的增殖,并推测这种抑制作用可能与IFN通路有关。     

2013~2016年广西猪伪狂犬病流行病学调查分析

[目的]全面了解广西猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的流行特点,为相关部门制定科学的猪伪狂犬病防控措施提供决策参考.[方法]于2013年6月~2016年8月从广西12个地市不同规模猪场采集疑似猪伪狂犬病阳性组织样品473份和血清样品5041份,通过PCR和ELISA分别对组织样品和血清样品进行PRV病原和野毒抗体检测.[结果]广西地区规模猪场的组织样品和血清样品PRV阳性率分别为26.43%和24.50%,且组织样品PRV病原阳性率与血清样品野毒抗体阳性率基本一致,以2015年的PRV阳性率最低、2016年的PRV阳性率最高.在广西地区一年四季均能检测到PRV,且组织样品的PRV病原阳性率和血清样品的野毒抗体阳性率均以第三季度(秋季)最低,分别为19.80%和14.95%.除了梧州市和防城港市的检测样品未检出PRV外,其他10个地市的检测样品均能检出PRV,说明广西规模猪场普遍存在PRV感染,且以南宁、玉林、北海和桂林等地市较严重.[结论]广西规模猪场普遍存在PRV感染,尤其是2016年PRV阳性率明显上升.因此,要求养猪业发达的地市应加大对PRV的防控力度,实时监控PRV的流行趋势,避免混合感染,并做好净化工作.     

猪尿酸氧化酶基因的克隆及表达

本研究主要涉及猪尿酸氧化酶(urate oxidase,EC 1.7.3.3)的原核表达载体的构建及蛋白表达,并对其酶活性进行测定。从猪肝组织细胞中提取总的RNA,利用RT-PCR技术克隆pUOX(porcine urate oxidase),插入原核表达载体pET-22b中,构建重组表达载体pET-22b/pUOX,并转化到大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BL21(DE3)中。通过IPTG诱导获得的重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE检测,在约34 ku处有一清晰蛋白条带,这与预期分子量一致。测定该重组蛋白的酶活力达到1.962 U,这为后期实验奠定了重要的基础。     

Chitosan nanoparticles enhance developmental competence of in vitro-matured porcine oocytes

Oxidative stress is inevitable as it is derived from the handling, culturing, inherent metabolic activities and medium supplementation of embryos. This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on oxidative damage in porcine oocytes. For this purpose, cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from porcine slaughterhouse ovaries were exposed to different concentrations of CNPs (0, 10, 25 and 50 µg/ml) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocytes treated with 25 µg/ml CNPs showed significantly higher levels of GSH, along with a significant reduction in ROS levels compared to control, CNPs10 and CNPs50 groups. In parthenogenetic embryo production, the maturation rate was significantly higher in the CNPs25 group than that in the control and all other treated groups. In addition, when compared to the CNPs50 and control groups, CNPs25-treated oocytes showed significantly higher cleavage and blastocyst development rates. The highest concentration of CNPs reduced the total cell number and ratio of ICM: TE cells in parthenogenetic embryos, suggesting that there is a threshold where benefits are lost if exceeded. In cloned embryos, the CNPs25 group, as compared to all other treated groups, showed significantly higher maturation and cleavage rates. Furthermore, the blastocyst development rate in the CNPs25-treated group was significantly higher than that in the CNPs50-treated group, as was the total cell number. Moreover, we found that cloned embryos derived from the CNPs25-treated group showed significantly higher expression levels of Pou5f1, Dppa2, and Ndp52il genes, compared with those of the control and other treated groups. Our results demonstrated that 25 µg/ml CNPs treatment during IVM improves the developmental competence of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress.     

Analysis on Differential Expression Genes in Porcine Aortic Vascular Endothelial Cells Induced by Apolipoprotein C Ⅲ

The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ,and study the function of ApoCⅢ.Porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells were successfully isolated using enzyme digestion,and then screened the differential expression genes induced by ApoCⅢ using the Solexa high-throughput sequencing technology.The results showed 647 differential expression genes,including 390 up-regulated genes and 257 down-regulated genes.The qRT-PCR results verified that the gene expression results from Solexa sequencing data were reliable.GO and Pathway analysis showed that the function of differential expression genes were related to immune response,cell apoptosis and death.These findings suggested that ApoCⅢ affected the physiological function of porcine aortic endothelial cells by the molecular pathways of inflammation,cell adhesion and apoptosis,which provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis caused by ApoCⅢ.     

Prokaryotic Expression and Antigenicity Analysis of Porcine Japenese Encephalitis Virus Envelope Protein Domain Ⅲ

In order to analyze the antigenicity of porcine Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) E protein domain Ⅲ, which was expressed by pET-28a vector with His-tag and purified through Ni-NTA, the BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified protein.We identified the antigenicity of domain Ⅲ of E protein and the anti-mice and anti-porcine JEV E Ⅲ protein specific antibody titers by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, indirect ELISA and IFA.SDS-PAGE results showed the expressed target protein existed mainly in the form of inclusion body.Western blotting, ELISA test results showed that the protein had good reactivity with anti-serum.The mice immunized with the purified JEV E Ⅲ protein generated 1×10⁵ anti-JEV E Ⅲ protein specific antibody titers by ELISA, and the porcine immunized with the porcine JEV generated 5.1×10⁴ anti-JEV specific antibody titers.The IFA results showed that JEV E Ⅲ protein anti-serum could identify JEV antigen.The above results showed that the recombinant JEV E Ⅲ had good antigenicity.These results provided important basis for development of diagnostic antigen for JEV.     

Establishment of a Duplex Real-time RT-PCR Assay for the Differential Detection of Nipha Virus and Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

To establish a rapid,sensitive and specific assay for the differential detection of Nipah virus (NiV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV),a duplex Real-time RT-PCR was developed with specific primers and probes targeting to the special sequences of NiV M gene and HP-PRRSV nsp2 gene by optimization of reaction conditions.The performance of the assay was linear ranging from 4.6×10¹ to 4.6×10⁷ copies/μL for RNA standard control of NiV M (NiV-M-RNA) and from 4.1×10¹ to 4.1×10⁸ copies/μL for RNA standard control of HP-PRRSV nsp2 (HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA),and detection limits of the assay was 46 copies for the NiV-M-RNA and 4.1 copies for the HP-PRRSV-nsp2-RNA,respectively.The coefficients of variation (CVs) of both inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability were less than 2.0%,showing good repeatability.The assay was able to specifically detect NiV and HP-PRRSV simultaneously without cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus (CSFV),porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV),swine influenza virus (SIV),porcine parvovirus (PPV),pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2).Of the 236 samples from pigs for both NiV and HP-PRRSV detection by the established assay,all the samples were negative for NiV,8 samples were HP-PRRSV positive.In conclusion,this assay offers a useful approach for the differential detection of NiV and HP-PRRSV in clinical specimens from the pigs.