微孔草的分布及植物群落特征研究

采用定量样地法,对孔微草这一特种油料植物的群落结构、群落变异以及群落特征进行了研究。结果表明,微孔草干物质生产量占总量的比率,休闲地为９．１６％、撩荒地为１６．９０％、油草地为１５．３２％、燕麦地为１０．６６％、青稞地为５．９７％;群落系数相应为８７．０９％、８７．９１％、９１．８２％、９５．６５％、９３．６０％;优势度相应为９．６０％、１３．４５％、１１．９９％、１６．６１％、７．１３％。经主分     

天峻县北部地区畜牧业发展思考

天峻县北部地区因受气候干旱、鼠虫危害等因素的影响,畜牧业生产逐年下降,通过对存在问题的分析,提出了北部地区今后走退牧还草或休牧育草路子的设想。     

Population structure and genetic diversity of worldwide Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever and Lancashire Heeler dog populations

The aim of this study was to research the population structure and genetic diversity of the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever (NS) and the Lancashire Heeler (LH) dog breeds. Data consisted of nearly all the worldwide registration history for both breeds, including 28 668 NS and 4 782 LH individuals. A reference population, including the females born between 1999 and 2008, was defined for genetic analyses for each breed. Average depth of the pedigrees known for the reference population dogs was 12.9 complete generation equivalents in the NS and 6.0 in the LH. Only a small fraction of the born dogs were used later for breeding. Effective number of founders was 9.8 in the NS and 15.2 in the LH. More than 50% of the genetic diversity in the reference population was explained by two ancestors in the NS and five in the LH. Average inbreeding coefficients in the reference populations were 0.26 in the NS and 0.10 in the LH. Average kinships were 0.26 and 0.08 and realised effective population sizes 18 and 28, respectively. Failure to use available genetic resources for sustainable breeding has resulted in depletion of genetic variation in both breeds. To increase genetic variation, a larger proportion of the dogs should be used in reproduction and the contributions of reproducing animals should be equalized. In the LH, it is necessary to use the unregistered farm dogs in breeding. In the NS, crosses with another breed are needed.     

6种植密度对玉草1号产量与品质的影响

研究了种植密度对玉草1号产量、品质及植株性状的影响。结果表明,45 000与52 500株/hm2 2种密度的总鲜草产量差异不显著（分别为128 944和133 167 kg/hm2）,但二者均显著的高于密度为37 500株/hm2的总鲜草产量（117 370 kg/hm2）;但这3种密度处理的总干草产量差异不显著。分析这3种密度间各品质指标、植株性状指标总体表现,结果密度为37 500株/hm2的粗蛋白（CP）含量、CP产量、相对饲用价值（RFV）、分蘖数、总茎粗、干物率均为最高,密度为45 000株/hm2次之,处理52 500株/hm2最低;中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量密度为37 500株/hm2最低,52 500株/hm2最高。综合产量与饲用品质比较研究表明,玉草1号种植密度为45 000株/hm2左右在我国南方最适宜。     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在蝗虫和群间的流行规律研究

在同德县北巴滩进行了不同浓度蝗虫微孢子虫（N.L)小区试验和大面积推广试验，并在1997和1999年对防治效果作了调查，结果表明N.L不仅当年虫口减退率和感病率可达60％和50％以上（30天），而且在1997年、1999年防区内平均感病率仍保持在30％和40％。说明N.L具有较强的水平扩散能力和垂直感染能力，可持续、有效地控制蝗灾的发生。     

草原景观下昆虫群落及种群对生境破碎化的反应

生境破碎化是制约生物多样性重要的“瓶颈”之一。本研究在已有资料的基础上,论述了影响生物群落结构和种群动态过程的生境破碎化的生物反应特征,以及破碎化生境对生物多样性和种间关系的影响机理及基本理论假说,重点对草原景观下有关昆虫群落结构、丰富度、种群数量与动态、种间关系及群落次生演替等与生境破碎化关系的试验研究进行归纳总结, 提出了在草原环境下进行破碎化生境与昆虫群落和种群发生关系研究的问题及优势条件,指出了种间关系和次生演替与生境斑块格局的关系是草原生物多样性保护研究的关键之一。     

Genomic differentiation with isolation by distance along a latitudinal gradient in the spotted-leg treefrog Polypedates megacephalus

The patterns of isolation by distance (IBD) entailing increased genetic differentiation among populations have aroused extensive concerns for evolutionary biologists. Although the IBD may act on spatial processes contributing to the genetic differentiation among populations in anuran species, the factors shaping the IBD of frogs among populations in natural systems are largely unknown. Here, we studied the genetic differentiation among six populations with 24 individuals of the spotted-leg treefrog along a latitudinal gradient (1860.31 km) based on 1020 single nucleotide polymorphisms from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. The results showed that the genetic diversity differed significantly among populations and that the insular populations had higher genetic diversity than the mainland populations. Furthermore, we also found a significant genetic differentiation among populations (F_ST = 0.277) and no sign of inbreeding (F_UNI = −0.145). The IBD was detected for all populations, and a higher degree of the IBD was indicated when controlling for the effects of the isolation between Hainan and mainland populations caused by the Qiongzhou Strait. Our findings suggest that the form of the Qiongzhou Strait plays a key role in shaping the genetic diversity and population differentiation in treefrogs.     

蓝茎冰草种子产量与施氮量和密度互作的模型分析

通过3因素5水平二次通用正交旋转组合设计方案,建立回归模型,进行解析、寻优和频数分析。结果表明:各试验因素对蓝茎冰草(Pascopyrum smithii)种子产量影响的大小顺序为施氮量(X₂)>植株密度(X₁)>喷施PP 333(X₃);施氮量与植株密度的互作效应对种子产量的作用为协同效应;同时得出了3因素对种子产量的优化配比方案:植株密度429.4~450×10⁴株/hm²,施氮量160~164.9kg/hm²,喷施PP 333量0.197~0.233 a.i.kg/hm²。     

不同生长阶段群体数量特征对产草量作用的分析

在相同的光，温，水，肥条件下，同时对营养生长期的高羊茅和生殖生长期的多年生黑麦草人工草地产草量和群体数量特征的定量关系进行研究。在营养生长期，参数的变异程度小于生殖生长期。营养生长期各因子对产草量直接作用的程度排序这：叶面积指数〉草丛高度〉分蘖密度，生殖生长期为；草丛高度〉叶面积指数〉分蘖密度。     

Across-breed validation study confirms and identifies new loci associated with sexual precocity in Brahman and Nellore cattle

The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10^–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10^–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman.