天山北坡经济带人口分布与经济发展研究

人口分布是影响经济发展的重要因素。人口分布与经济分布的最基本属性是不均衡性,人口与经济的空间集中化是区域发展的内在规律。本文从人口与经济发展的关系出发,通过对天山北坡经济带人口数量、人口密度、人口分布等因素与经济发展相关关系及动态演进的多方面分析,为天山北坡经济带进一步实施人口与经济空间集中化战略,建立起人口、经济与环境协调发展的区域格局提供一些理论依据与对策。     

Diatomaceous earth foliar spraying along with adjuvants in pistachio orchards associated with the common pistachio psylla,Agonoscena pistaciae

The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae, is a serious global pest menacing pistachio orchards. Considering the dangers of using excessive chemical pesticides, it seems that using natural insecticides such as diatomaceous earth is a suitable way to lower the residual amount of highly hazardous pesticides. In this study, the effects of diatomaceous earth with different additives, including dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, polyurethane glue as a wood adhesive, and potassium silicate, were investigated in several concentrations over two years in orchard conditions. Although all treatments showed significant effects, the most effective treatments were (diatomaceous earth+dipotassium hydrogen phosphate) and (diatomaceous earth+polyurethane glue). Therefore, the use of diatomaceous earth combined with the additive materials mentioned can potentially be a safe method for the integrated management of the common pistachio psylla.     

蝗虫微孢子虫病在蝗虫和群间的流行规律研究

在同德县北巴滩进行了不同浓度蝗虫微孢子虫（N.L)小区试验和大面积推广试验，并在1997和1999年对防治效果作了调查，结果表明N.L不仅当年虫口减退率和感病率可达60％和50％以上（30天），而且在1997年、1999年防区内平均感病率仍保持在30％和40％。说明N.L具有较强的水平扩散能力和垂直感染能力，可持续、有效地控制蝗灾的发生。     

新疆塔里木盆地两河流域野生麻资源调查

麻具有药用、轻纺、保健、造纸、制作药烟、蜜源等多种经济价值.新疆塔里木盆地两河(叶尔羌河、塔里木河)流域是野生麻(大叶白麻Poacynum hendersonii、白麻P.pictum、罗布麻Apocynum venetum)的主要产区,其中大叶白麻分布广,面积大,储量多.按有关分类方法,将野生麻资源划分为6个群系12个群丛.野生麻分布面积23.56万hm2,有麻面积18.12万hm2,其中大叶白麻占99.51%;白麻占0.49%.鲜麻总产量59.35万t,折合干麻总产量24.41万t.为更好的利用野生麻资源,在对其种类、分布、面积、生物量调查的基础上,对麻的开发前景、野生麻田的保护管理及改良培育、人工麻田的建立、科技攻关5个方面提出了建议.     

中国河西走廊草地农业的基本格局和它的系统相悖─—草原退化的机理初探─—

河西走廊的草地资源位于西北荒漠的大背景中，由山地、荒漠和绿洲三个子系统构成，其中荒漠子系统居主导地位，具有先天的脆弱性。它们在人为干预下，在自然生态系统的农业化过程中，发生了山地一绿洲一荒漠组成的耦合农业系统。由于耦合不够完善，它所固有的相悖因素未能有效控制，形成涵有系列相悖因子群的系统相悖。主要表现为时间相悖，空间相悖和种间相悖。三者互相影响，但时间相悖起主导作用，使系统的生态危机加剧。它通常表现为草原退化。对草地农业生态系统的自由能的调控，保持自由能的积累和输出基本相当，是防止草原退化的根本出路。草原退化是草地对于草食动物压迫的对策系统和动物对于草地负荷行为的对策系统的综合反映。放牧程度可以作为草原退化过程的向量系统，但不是草原退化的本质。     

Across-breed validation study confirms and identifies new loci associated with sexual precocity in Brahman and Nellore cattle

The aim of this study was to identify candidate regions associated with sexual precocity in Bos indicus. Nellore and Brahman were set as validation and discovery populations, respectively. SNP selected in Brahman to validate in Nellore were from gene regions affecting reproductive traits (G1) and significant SNP (p ≤ 10^–3) from a meta-analysis (G2). In the validation population, early pregnancy (EP) and scrotal circumference (SC) were evaluated. To perform GWAS in validation population, we used regression and Bayes C. SNP with p ≤ 10^–3 in regression and Bayes factor ≥3 in Bayes C were deemed significant. Significant SNP (for EP or SC) or SNP in their ±250 Kb vicinity region, which were in at least one discovery set (G1 or G2), were considered validated. SNP identified in both G1 and G2 were considered candidate. For EP, 145 SNP were validated in G1 and 41 in G2, and for SC, these numbers were 14 and 2. For EP, 21 candidate SNP were detected (G1 and G2). For SC, no candidate SNP were identified. Validated SNP and their vicinity region were located close to quantitative trait loci or genes related to reproductive traits and were enriched in gene ontology terms related to reproductive success. These are therefore strong candidate regions for sexual precocity in Nellore and Brahman.     

不同生长阶段群体数量特征对产草量作用的分析

在相同的光，温，水，肥条件下，同时对营养生长期的高羊茅和生殖生长期的多年生黑麦草人工草地产草量和群体数量特征的定量关系进行研究。在营养生长期，参数的变异程度小于生殖生长期。营养生长期各因子对产草量直接作用的程度排序这：叶面积指数〉草丛高度〉分蘖密度，生殖生长期为；草丛高度〉叶面积指数〉分蘖密度。     

微孔草的分布及植物群落特征研究

采用定量样地法,对孔微草这一特种油料植物的群落结构、群落变异以及群落特征进行了研究。结果表明,微孔草干物质生产量占总量的比率,休闲地为９．１６％、撩荒地为１６．９０％、油草地为１５．３２％、燕麦地为１０．６６％、青稞地为５．９７％;群落系数相应为８７．０９％、８７．９１％、９１．８２％、９５．６５％、９３．６０％;优势度相应为９．６０％、１３．４５％、１１．９９％、１６．６１％、７．１３％。经主分     

草原景观下昆虫群落及种群对生境破碎化的反应

生境破碎化是制约生物多样性重要的“瓶颈”之一。本研究在已有资料的基础上,论述了影响生物群落结构和种群动态过程的生境破碎化的生物反应特征,以及破碎化生境对生物多样性和种间关系的影响机理及基本理论假说,重点对草原景观下有关昆虫群落结构、丰富度、种群数量与动态、种间关系及群落次生演替等与生境破碎化关系的试验研究进行归纳总结, 提出了在草原环境下进行破碎化生境与昆虫群落和种群发生关系研究的问题及优势条件,指出了种间关系和次生演替与生境斑块格局的关系是草原生物多样性保护研究的关键之一。     

A comparative study on the rumen microbial populations,hydrolytic enzyme activities and dry matter degradability between different species of ruminant

A comparative study among Korean native cow (Hanwoo), Holstein dairy cow, Korean native goat and crossbred sheep on the population and marker concentration of ruminal microbes, the activities of carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), xylanase and amylase, and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability were conducted. Twelve ruminally cannulated animals, three of each species, were used. Animals were fed the same diet containing 40% formula feed and 60% rice straw at the level of 2.5% of body weight. Total viable microbial populations in the rumen fluid were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for bacteria and fungi in goat than those of Holstein. The protozoan population among ruminant species was the reverse from that of bacteria. The concentrations of 2,6‐diaminopimelic acid and chitin as markers for bacteria and fungi in the rumen fluid, respectively, were highest in goat, which is in accordance with the above population data. The concentration of aminoethylphosphonic acid as marker of protozoa was highest in Hanwoo and lowest in sheep (P < 0.01). Goat had the highest (P < 0.01) activities of all the enzymes investigated among ruminants. In situ effective degradation of the DM of rice straw was approximately 19% higher in the rumen of goat compared with other animals.