一种新型廉价吸附剂对低浓度 氨氮的吸附特征研究

采用旱伞草为试验原料,通过简单的炭化处理工艺制取一种新型廉价的吸附剂。研究了炭化旱伞草在不 同氨氮浓度下吸附时间、投加量、吸附温度、pH、粒径等因素对其去除效果的影响,并采用傅立叶红外光谱分析对该 种吸附剂及吸附氨氮前后官能团的变化进行检测分析。结果表明院吸附剂制取的最佳炭化温度为450益,炭化时间 40 min;最佳工艺条件为吸附时间60 min,吸附剂投加量为1.50 g,吸附温度30益,pH 为6~8,旱伞草粒径为420~841 滋m。傅立叶红外光谱分析结果表明炭化后旱伞草中含有丰富的羟基和氨基,并与水中氨氮发生氧化反应,使氨氮得 到去除。     

Denitrification characteristics of pond sediments in a Chinese agricultural watershed

Ponds are widely distributed in rice-based agricultural watersheds, particularly in southern China, and may play an important role in nitrate (     ) removal. However, the denitrification rate of pond sediment, measured using the acetylene (C₂H₂) inhibition technique, indicated that the amount of nitrogen removed by denitrification accounted for <1% of the total nitrogen applied. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of sediment depth and temperature on denitrification of pond sediment using the C₂H₂ inhibition technique. The highest denitrification potential was found in the upper 5 cm of sediment, but this only accounted for approximately 34% of the total denitrification of the upper 0–30 cm of sediment, suggesting that sediment denitrification potential would be underestimated if only the upper 5 cm of sediment was measured. The denitrification potential was low and showed a weak response over a temperature range of 6–18°C, whereas denitrification increased significantly from 18 to 30°C, indicating that denitrification may play an important role in the removal of     in warm seasons. A comparison of the     disappearance and C₂H₂ inhibition methods showed that they were significantly ( P  < 0.01) and positively correlated. However, the C₂H₂ inhibition method gave only approximately 25% of the values determined by the     disappearance method.     

池杉苗圃地化学除草试验

池杉苗圃地的化学除草试验结果表明：克芜踪以剂量３０００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２的除草率最高，可达８０％，但除草不彻底。剂量为４５００－７５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２的草甘膦，除草率可高达８５．５％。二甲四氯与克芜踪混施，最佳配方是３０００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２克芜踪＋１５００ｍｌ／ｈｍ＾２二甲四氯，除草率高的可达９０．８８％除草效果与成本考虎，３种除草剂中以草甘膦除草率高，杂草死亡彻底，成本较低。     

Contamination of Forest Soils in the Vicinity of the Sedimentation Pond after Zinc and Lead Ore Flotation (in the Region of Olkusz,Southern Poland)

In the technological processes of ore flotation in the non-ferrous metal industry flotation, tailings constitute up to 98% of the total of the processed material. They are stored in sedimentation ponds as fine-grained drift containing an excess of heavy metals, mainly zinc, cadmium, lead and copper. After the dehydration and drying up of the surface of sedimentation ponds, these metals are carried with dust by the wind and they are accumulated in the vicinity of the ponds in humus horizons of soils causing considerable degradation and even devastation. In this publication, we have presented the results of research on the negative influence of such a structure on the soils of an adjacent fragment of forest and its dependence on the distance from the sedimentation pond. The level of degradation of the soils under research has been assessed on the basis of changes and transformations of the morphological soil profiles, the level of alkalization and accumulation of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in the topsoil layers and their translocation in the soil horizons. The following soils have been distinguished in the investigated area: Haplic Podzols distorted and degraded as well as Urbic Anthrosols. The acquired results have served to depict the spatial accumulation of these heavy metals in the topsoil layers. The highest accumulation of heavy metals and the degradation of the forest sites connected with it has occurred in the vicinity of a sedimentation pond drain channel. Soil remediation has been recommended in this area.     

塘渠-湿地复合系统治理农业面源污染研究

The effects of agricultural non-point source pollution control by pond-wetland combined system in Shenxi river basin of Anji county were studied based on nearly one-years experiment. The removal rate of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the pond-wetland combined system was also studied with different inlet wastewater concentration and time. The results showed that the removal effect of TN, TP, and COD in pond-wetland combined system was fairly good. The removal rate of TN, TP, and COD in the system could respectively reach 96%, 98%, 82% when the TN, TP, and COD of inlet wastewater reach the highest point 33.3, 0.99, and 121.6 mg·L^-1. Generally, the removal effect of the system was better in plant growth season and higher concentration of inlet wastewater period.     

池塘养殖鱼类的致病因素、疾病诊断及其预防

阐明池塘养殖鱼类的致病因素,疾病的诊断及主要防病措施。说明只有明确池塘养殖鱼类真正的致病因素,才能正确地诊断和尽早地防治鱼病,以减少或避免因鱼病而造成重大的经济损失。     

植物塘+人工湿地+吸附池系统对灌溉水中痕量Cd的去除效果

为了降低灌溉水中Cd向农田输入,减轻农田土壤Cd污染,试验选取梭鱼草、狐尾藻、野茭白为材料,构建"植物塘+人工湿地+吸附池"系统,研究其对湖南典型矿区Cd超标灌溉水净化效果,并分析Cd在系统中的分布规律。结果表明:在2018年11月—2019年9月监测期间,进水全量Cd平均浓度为6.35μg·L~(-1),经系统净化后灌溉水中可溶态Cd、悬浮态Cd及悬浮颗粒物平均去除率分别为86.58%、90.37%和81.54%,构建的人工系统可有效降低灌溉水中Cd含量。进水口悬浮态Cd与悬浮颗粒物呈极显著正相关,悬浮颗粒物与进水流速呈显著正相关。灌溉水Cd输入总量为859.61 g,大气沉降Cd输入总量为95.34 g,处理系统拦截为865.52 g,各个单元拦截量从高到低依次为一级植物塘(544.64 g)三级人工湿地+吸附池(167.62 g)二级植物塘(156.26 g)。3种湿地植物对Cd均有较好的富集效果,富集浓度随水流方向下降。一、二级植物塘底泥最大Cd浓度分别为11.05、4.75 mg·kg~(-1),底泥中Cd弱酸可溶态比值较大,存在向水体解吸释放的风险。所构建的"植物塘+人工湿地+吸附池"净化系统可有效降低湖南典型矿区灌溉水中超标Cd含量,降低农田土壤Cd的灌溉输入通量。     

池沼公鱼在新疆大水面的移植推广研究

池沼公鱼自１９８９年由吉林省移植到新疆后，经进一步移植推广，已经广泛分布到博斯腾湖、天池、乌伦古湖、石城子水库等２０个总面积为２９．２４×１０４ｈｍ２的湖泊和水库，共移植池沼公鱼受精卵１２．９９×１０８粒，捕获池沼公鱼１０１２８０２ｔ，本研究从池沼公鱼受精卵移植、生物学性状、丰满度、繁殖力等方面论证了池沼公鱼在新疆大水面移植推广是成功的。     

氧化塘深度对猪场厌氧消化液后处理的影响

采用小试装置对3个不同深度氧化塘处理猪场厌氧消化液的效果进行了研究,结果表明:当平均气温为21.9℃,停留时间在80 ～110天,进水负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,氧化塘对NH4-N的去除率达到了90％以上,CODcr,TP的去除率分别为50％,40％.硝化作用和藻类的吸收是氧化塘去除NH4-N的主要方式,沉淀作用则是CODcr和TP的主要去除方式,在较长停留时间下,微生物对于溶解性CODcr的分解和同化也能提供一定的去除效果.当平均气温为21.9℃,在表面负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,有效深度为0.3m和0.7m的氧化塘面积去除负荷分别为1.41 g·m-2d-1,1.49 g·m-2d-1,容积去除负荷分别为4.7g·m -3d-1,2.8g·m-3d-1.虽然较深氧化塘具有较高的面积去除负荷,但较浅的氧化塘却有更高的容积去除负荷.     

新型高效反应器组合系统处理奶牛养殖场废水试验研究

选择一种新型高效反应器系统对奶牛养殖场废水进行处理试验研究,这种反应器系统主要包括两级组合生物巢厌氧反应器和砂式沼液处理池。试验结果表明,该系统处理奶牛养殖废水速度快,两级组合生物巢厌氧反应器水力停留时间（HRT）仅为15h,处理效率高,砂式沼液处理池结构简单,对生物巢厌氧反应器出水处理效果好。该新型高效反应器组合系统对化学需氧量（COD）、生化需氧量（BOD）、氨氮（NH3-N）和总固体悬浮物（TSS）的平均去除率分别为97.6%、98.2%、81.3%和98.1%,出水体积质量平均值分别为89.0、27.1、15.7mg·L^-1和64.9mg·L^-1,满足国家二级排放标准。