淮安市土地利用景观格局变化及生态效应

以淮安市1988和2005年的遥感解译数据为基础,从景观多样性指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数3个方面定量分析了淮安市土地利用景观格局变化特征,并对其引起的生态系统服务价值变化进行了计算。结果表明,1988-2005年,淮安市土地利用景观多样性指数、均匀度指数总体呈现下降趋势,优势度指数总体呈现上升趋势,生态系统服务价值减少了44.87亿元,土地生态风险指数上升了0.013。     

花龄期棉花虫害的电子鼻检测

棉花害虫具有隐蔽性、迁飞性和突发性特点,并且影响因素众多,棉花虫害准确地诊断是农业领域的难点问题。该研究以受到棉铃虫侵害的花铃期棉花为研究对象,采用电子鼻对不同处理的棉花挥发物进行检测。研究表明,主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）和聚类分析结果显示健康棉花释放的挥发物具有明显的昼夜节律性,健康棉花与虫害棉花差异性显著。径向基函数神经网络（Radial Basis Function Neural Network, RBFNN）对8个不同时间的4组虫害棉花处理进行分析,测试集判别总的正确率为73.4%,健康棉花对照组测试集判别正确率100%,误判样本出现在3个虫害处理之间。当不考虑时间因素建立虫害棉花统一的预测模型,RBFNN模型对健康棉花对照组的预测正确率均达到了100%,分析结果可以作为花铃期棉花是否遭受棉铃虫侵害的依据,说明电子鼻可以作为棉花虫害发生的有效监测手段,在农作物虫害监测领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

长苞铁杉林林隙物种更新动态的初步研究

采用扩散系数C、聚集度指标I、扩散指标Iδ、平均拥挤度M^＊、聚块性指数PAI和聚集强度K对不同发育阶段及不同大小级林隙中长苞铁杉幼苗分布格局的测定结果表明：在林隙发育的前、中期长苞铁杉幼苗在林隙中呈聚集分布,而在林隙发育的后期为随机分布,但在不同大小级的林隙中,长苞铁杉的分布格局并元差异;随林隙的不断发育,长苞铁杉幼苗在林隙中的密度依次降低,在林隙发育的前期密度最大,中期次之,到林隙发育的晚期密度最小,且在较大的林隙中密度较大。     

东洞庭湖湿地水鸟群落季节动态格局

为了对东洞庭湖湿地鸟类的继续研究提供数据和理论依据,2005年7月~2006年12月采用样方法和样线法对该湿地水鸟进行了调查,共记录到水鸟89种,并对其季节动态格局进行了研究分析,结果表明,全年水鸟种类和数量均是冬季多,夏季少,特别是数量波动有明显的冬季高峰期和夏季低谷期,季节差异非常显著。     

农药学专业合作教育模式探索

通过建立校内校外两类实习实践教育基地,将农药学专业的实习划分为专业认知与课程实习阶段、专业综合实习阶段和就业适应实习阶段3个阶段,创立了"两基三段"式合作教育模式,培养了学生的综合能力,提高了人才培养质量。     

面向农村的知识服务模式探讨

阐述了信息服务和知识服务的关系,并分析了国内农业知识服务现状。针对北京市农业信息化现状,提出了仓储式用户自助服务、订单式个性服务和参考咨询式专家服务3种面向京郊农村的知识服务模式。     

Atmospheric humidity and genotype are key determinants of the diurnal stomatal conductance pattern

Great understanding of the genotypic difference in diurnal stomatal conductance (g_s) pattern and the key determinants of the pattern is important for saving water by adopting cultivars appropriately. Fifteen wheat genotypes were studied under different soil conditions and various meteorological conditions with pot cultivation in rain shelter for two years. Genotype and air humidity were found to be key determinants of diurnal g_s pattern. All genotypes under low relative humidity (LRH) and most genotypes under high relative humidity (HRH) displayed a gradual decline pattern from morning through the afternoon. Under moderate relative humidity (MRH), all genotypes present a single-peak curve pattern, but they differed in peak time, which may lead to unreliable g_s comparison between genotypes and get ostensible contrasting materials. The stomatal conductance was significantly different among genotypes under LRH and the increased g_s magnitude is also significantly different when it was compared between LRH and HRH. The present results provide new thinking for selecting and adopting appropriate cultivars with specific stomata traits for the area with various meteorological conditions.     

The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth coniferous forests

Competition is a well-documented contributor to tree mortality in temperate forests, with numerous studies documenting a relationship between tree death and the competitive environment. Models frequently rely on competition as the only non-random mechanism affecting tree mortality. However, for mature forests, competition may cease to be the primary driver of mortality.We use a large, long-term dataset to study the importance of competition in determining tree mortality in old-growth forests on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S.A. We make use of the comparative spatial configuration of dead and live trees, changes in tree spatial pattern through time, and field assessments of contributors to an individual tree's death to quantify competitive effects.Competition was apparently a significant contributor to tree mortality in these forests. Trees that died tended to be in more competitive environments than trees that survived, and suppression frequently appeared as a factor contributing to mortality. On the other hand, based on spatial pattern analyses, only three of 14 plots demonstrated compelling evidence that competition was dominating mortality. Most of the rest of the plots fell within the expectation for random mortality, and three fit neither the random nor the competition model. These results suggest that while competition is often playing a significant role in tree mortality processes in these forests it only infrequently governs those processes. In addition, the field assessments indicated a substantial presence of biotic mortality agents in trees that died.While competition is almost certainly important, demographics in these forests cannot accurately be characterized without a better grasp of other mortality processes. In particular, we likely need a better understanding of biotic agents and their interactions with one another and with competition.     

蒜薹采后致病菌种类及侵染规律研究

以金乡蒜薹和苍山蒜薹为试材,研究蒜薹采后病原菌种类、侵染和发病规律。结果表明:导致蒜薹采后贮藏过程中腐烂的病原真菌分为9个属14个种,其中主要是交链格孢属(Alternaria)占28.5%,并且,交链格孢属中,链格孢霉(A.alternate(Fr.)Keissler)最多,占17.9%;其次是葱紫斑交链孢霉(A.porri(Elliott)Cif.),占6.6%,侵染链格孢霉(A.infectoriaSimmons)占4.0%;葡萄孢属(Botrytis),占17.0%,主要是葱鳞葡萄孢霉(B.squamosaWalker)和葱腐葡萄孢霉(B.alliiMunn),占15.6%,灰葡萄孢霉(B.cinereaPers)仅为1.4%;而青霉属(Penicillium)、匐柄霉属(Stemphylium)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)、腐霉属(Pythium)、疫霉属(Phytophthora)和聚端孢霉属(Trichothecium)依次占15.7%、12.6%、7.8%、6.5%、4.9%、3.8%和3.3%。其发病规律是:除青霉属外,其它12种病原菌初期主要侵染蒜薹的薹梢部位,之后再逐渐向薹梗、薹基部位蔓延。     

超甜玉米"粤甜13号"早春地膜覆盖栽培研究

粤甜13号品种优质、耐寒、耐密植,适合广东省早春种植,但缺乏相配套的栽培技术,影响了品种特性的发挥。试验于2006年1月7日在广州市钟落潭镇的广东省农业科学院白云基地进行,试验设盖膜与不盖膜2个处理,3600株/667m2、4000株/667m2、4800株/667m2、5600株/667m2等4个栽培密度,3次重复,随机区组设计,就栽培密度和地膜覆盖两个因素对粤甜13号鲜果穗产量、商品性等的影响进行了分析,结果显示:随着栽培密度增加,鲜果穗产量也显著增加;地膜覆盖栽培能使生育期缩短10d,当栽培密度提高到5600株/667m2时,鲜果穗的商品性仍然维持在很高的水平;非地膜栽培时,穗长和穗粗比盖地膜栽培要高,但随着密度的增加秃顶长明显变长,当密度增加到4800株/667m2时,秃顶长达到2.27cm,严重影响商品外观,因此,在生产上非地膜覆盖栽培的密度应低于4800株/667m2。该研究结果充分显示了粤甜13号耐密植性和适合早春种植特性;同时表明,早春地膜覆盖栽培除了缩短生育期,使产品提早上市以外,还通过增加种植的密度增加产量,使种植的经济效益显著提高。