响应面优化酶法提取蛹虫草培养基多糖的研究

[目的]通过响应面法优化酶提取蛹虫草培养基中虫草多糖的条件。[方法]测定蛹虫草培养基成分,并用酶法提取培养基中虫草多糖,对其提取条件进行单因素试验,筛选出最佳水解酶。在单因素试验的基础上,以响应面法优化温度、pH、酶加量和料液比等4个因素,并对试验结果进行数学模拟和预测,优化各因素水平,探讨因素间的交互作用。[结果]提取培养基中虫草多糖的最佳水解酶确定为酸性蛋白酶,其提取虫草多糖的最优条件为:温度39.89℃,pH 3.12,酶加量2.39%,料液比1∶75.78,水解时间4 h,在该条件下预测的多糖得率为10.11%。按该最佳条件进行验证试验,提取的多糖平均得率为9.96%,表明所得最佳提取条件比较可靠。[结论]该试验优化了蛹虫草培养基多糖的提取条件,对蛹虫草培养基的利用及虫草多糖的生产具有一定的理论指导价值。     

菱角壳粗多糖体外清除自由基活性的研究

[目的]研究菱角壳粗多糖体外清除自由基的活性。[方法]采用水提醇沉法从菱角壳中提取粗多糖,并对菱角壳粗多糖在体外清除羟自由基(.OH)、1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH.)和超氧阴离子(O2-.)的能力进行了研究。[结果]随着浓度的增加,菱角壳粗多糖对3种自由基的清除能力均呈现增强的趋势,在多糖浓度为2.5 mg/ml时,菱角壳粗多糖对羟自由基、DPPH和超氧阴离子的清除率分别为70.6%、66.2%和48.6%。[结论]菱角壳粗多糖具有较强的清除自由基的能力。     

杏鲍菇菌丝体营养优势菌株的筛选

[目的]从保藏16种杏鲍菇品种中筛选出高蛋白、高多糖含量的优势菌株,为杏鲍菇功能研发发掘出优势材料。[方法]通过菌丝发酵的方法获得16种杏鲍菇的菌丝体,经过组织处理,利用二喹啉甲酸(BCA)检测法和苯酚-硫酸法进行蛋白和多糖的筛选工作。[结果]16个品种中蛋白质含量较高的品种为杏21,其蛋白含量占菌丝体鲜重的5.20%;水溶性多糖含量较高的为杏4,占菌丝体干重的6.37%。[结论]16个品种中蛋白质含量和多糖含量存在较大差异,可以根据对功能成分开发的需要,选择优势菌株并对其进行高产发酵方面的研究。     

不同品种和年限人参中糖类含量比较研究

[目的]检测不同品种和年限人参糖类成分的含量,并分析其分布规律。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法对高丽参、西洋参、林下参和园参的总糖、还原糖和可溶性多糖含量分别进行检测。[结果]不同品种人参总糖含量以林下参最低;还原糖含量以林下参最低,高丽参和园参含量最高;可溶性多糖含量以林下参和高丽参最高。不同年限园参的检测发现,7年生园参的总糖含量明显降低,还原糖含量明显升高。[结论]不同品种人参糖类含量存在差异,且差异与生长环境和加工程序有一定关系;不同年限园参中糖类的含量与其生长年限有关。     

普洱茶多糖抗疲劳作用研究

[目的]研究普洱茶多糖的抗疲劳作用。[方法]健康昆明种小鼠30只,随机分成3组(10只/组,雌雄各半):对照组(Ⅰ组)、普洱茶多糖水溶液处理组(Ⅱ组)、普洱茶水浸液处理组(Ⅲ组),连续饲喂14 d,检测其运动耐力和血清尿素氮含量。[结果]Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠运动耐力分别为(187.2±4.7)、(438.5±20.3)、(270.3±7.8)min,血清尿素氮值分别为(8.168 7±0.194 4)、(1.680 6±0.156 8)、(4.231 0±0.349 2)mmol/L。可见给小鼠饲喂普洱茶多糖和普洱茶水浸液都能显著降低其血清尿素氮形成,同时也能显著提高小鼠的运动耐力,延长其游泳时间,且茶多糖效果比茶水浸液效果好。[结论]茶叶多糖具有一定的抗疲劳作用。     

灰树花子实体中水溶性多糖提取工艺优化研究

以水为浸提液,通过单因素试验研究了颗粒度、浸提温度、浸提时间、水料比、醇沉度等因素对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响,并采用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。试验表明,水料比对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响最大,其次是浸提时间,浸提温度影响最小。通过对提取条件的优化,结合收益、成本等综合因素选出最佳优化工艺为:浸提温度90℃,浸提时间5 h,水料比25∶1。验证试验显示,在最佳工艺条件下提取的多糖提取率达13.4%。     

蒜渣碱提多糖体外抗氧化性的研究

研究蒜渣碱提多糖对DPPH·,羟自由基、超氧自由基的清除以及抑制猪油和芝麻油快速氧化的效果。当多糖与DPPH·质量比为1.6时,电子顺磁共振(ESR)测定5 min就检测不出DPPH·;当多糖质量浓度为0.16 mg/mL时,可以清除50%羟基自由基;当质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,可以清除50%的超氧自由基;多糖对猪油和芝麻油的氧化都有一定的抑制作用,当浓度增加时,抑制效果增强。     

微波辅助提取无花果多糖的工艺研究

研究微波辅助提取无花果多糖的方法,通过单因素和正交试验确定无花果多糖的最佳提取条件。结果表明,无花果多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料液比为1∶50,浸泡时间为60 min,微波功率为640 W,微波时间为3 min。在该条件下,无花果多糖得率为4.65%。     

枸杞多糖的热裂解产物研究

利用裂解气相—色谱质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)对卷烟燃烧过程进行模拟,研究枸杞多糖在无氧条件下的热裂解,以期为枸杞多糖在卷烟中的应用提供一些理论基础。用GC-MS定性定量测定分析热裂解产物。比较了不同温度(300,600,900℃)下的裂解产物差异,对裂解产物进行了归类分析,并分析了主要裂解产物致香成分的致香效果,为卷烟评吸提供了理论依据。     

Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on expression of HSP70, PKB and P53 in rat cerebral cortex with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

AIM:To explore the molecular effects of Astragalus polysaccharide(AP) on improving nervous functions and preventing neuronal apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex with cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS:One hundred and twenty male Wister rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(SOG), model groups(MG-1 d, 3 d and 7 d), low-dose AP treatment groups(L-APTG-1 d, 3 d and 7 d), and high-dose AP treatment groups(H-APTG-1 d, 3 d and 7 d). The right middle cerebral artery of the rats in MG and AGTG was intercepted by operation to induce ischemic brain injury. The rats in L-APTG and H-APTG were treated with AP at the doses of 5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection, respectively. On the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day after operation, those animals were sacrificed to collect the brain specimens for the study after cerebral blood flow reperfusion and determination of neurological deficit scores. The structural changes of the neurons were observed under electron microscope. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of heat-shock protein 70(HSP70), protein kinase B(PKB) and P53 in cerebral corical neurons were determined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. RESULTS:The neurological deficit scores and the apoptotic rate of cerebral cortical neurons in H-APTG were significantly lower than those in MG and L-APTG(P<0.05). The structures of the neurons in H-APTG, such as ribosome endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi complex, mitochondria, etc, were better than those in MG and L-APTG. On the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day, the protein levels of HSP70 and PKB in cerebral cortical neurons in H-APTG were significantly higher than those in L-APTG, which were significantly higher than those in MG(P<0.05). However, the P53 protein level in H-APTG was significantly lower than that in L-APTG, which was significantly lower than that in MG(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:AP improves nervous functions and inhibits neuronal apoptosis during ischemia and reperfusion. The molecular mechanisms are associated with variations of protein expression in cerebral cortical neurons, such as promotion of HSP70 and PKB and inhibition of P53.