剑麻纤维/聚丙烯木塑复合材料耐磨性能研究

采用熔融共混、模压成型方式制备剑麻纤维(SF)/聚丙烯(PP)木塑复合材料,探讨剑麻纤维对复合材料耐磨性能的影响;考察SF的表面处理方式、用量以及同玻璃纤维(GF)混杂增强与复合材料耐磨性能的关系;通过扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料磨损的表面形态结构进行了研究。结果表明:SF的表面处理方式和用量对材料耐磨性能有一定影响;SF与GF混杂后材料的耐磨性能随SF用量的增加而增加;纯PP树脂的摩擦以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主,SF/PP复合材料磨损以磨粒磨损为主,SF/GF/PP复合材料的磨损是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损共同承担的结果。     

竹粉／聚丙烯塑料复合材料转矩流变特性研究

利用转矩流变仪研究了竹粉／聚丙烯塑料复合材料的转矩流变行为。使用正交试验设计分析了竹粉含量、马来酸酐添加量以及转矩转速3因素对复合材料转矩流变行为的影响。试验结果表明，竹粉／聚丙烯塑料复合材料是一种假塑性流体即剪切变稀流体。在给定的试验条件下，3种因素对复合材料转矩流变行为的影响中，竹粉含量的影响最显著，其余的2因素的影响则不显著。     

基于膜法不同吸收剂对 CO2吸收性能的研究

采用聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器，用一乙醇胺（M EA ）、二乙醇胺（DEA ）和氨基乙酸钾（PG ）作为吸收剂对烟气中的CO2进行了吸收实验，研究气体流速、吸收剂流速和浓度等因素对CO2脱除率和传质速率的影响。结果表明：以上吸收剂分离吸收CO2的效率由大到小依次是PG、M EA、DEA。CO2的脱除率和传质速率随吸收剂浓度和流速的提高均增加；CO2脱除率随气体流量的增加而减小，但传质速率却随之增加。     

Overwinter Mineralization of a Biosolid and Composted Banana Residues in Humid Mediterranean Conditions

The objectives of this work were to study nitrogen (N) release from a biosolid and a compost of banana wastes. The overwinter N decomposition was evaluated as the uptake by a cereal cover crop and the in situ losses from buried bags in a loamy sand (site 1) and in a calcareous silty clay loam (site 2). Organic materials were applied in two rates as sludge (1, 3.75 Mg ha^?1; 2, 7.5 Mg ha^?1) and compost (1, 3.29 Mg ha^?1; 2, 6.58 Mg ha^?1). Immediately after their incorporation in October, barley was planted as a cover crop. Its growth was negatively affected by the slow drainage of the silty clay loam, leading to greater N concentration in site 1 (21.18 g kg^?1 of barley versus 14.35 g kg^?1 of barley in site 2). Yet only 10% of the added N was intercepted by the cover crop in the fast-draining site 1. The ash-rich compost (N: 21.1 g kg^?1; ash: 467 g kg^?1) was comparable to the control. Within site 2, the biosolid treatments had a residual effect on a second barley crop, as N uptake was 1.99–2.13 times that of the control. The approach of in situ loss from bags incorporated in bare soil was repeated in two successive seasons. Nitrogen losses (% input) during the fall and winter months were comparable between sites 31.9 % (site 1) and 28.6 % (site 2). When the N fate was studied during the winter months only, the loss decreased slightly, suggesting the presence of a fraction liable to decomposition overwinter in Mediterranean conditions. Soil nitrate was determined 1 month after the incorporation of the cover crop in late spring. In the first season, only the sludge 2 treatment generated more nitrate than the control, whereas 19 months after the application of the organic products both sludge treatments had a positive effect. The soil properties influenced the amounts of N mineralized with site 1, yielding twice that of site 2. In the fast-draining soils, the presence of an active cover crop overwinter is necessary, while the N level of sludge 1 (164 kg N ha^?1) was more acceptable.     

体外产气法与尼龙袋法评定青海当地燕麦青干草营养价值

试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的4岁1/2野血大通牦牛作为试验动物,同时运用尼龙袋法和体外产气法评定青海当地燕麦青干草营养价值。结果表明,燕麦青干草中粗蛋白质含量为7.17%,粗脂肪含量为2.23%,中性洗涤纤维含量为54.86%,酸性洗涤纤维含量为29.15%;72 h干物质降解率产气法测定值为87%,尼龙袋法测定值为80.56%;估测得出燕麦青干草有机物质消化率89.30%,代谢能为13.99(MJ/kg DM)。用尼龙袋法测定的燕麦青干草的干物质降解率在4、6、8 h均略高于体外产气法测定值, 12、24、36、48、72 h测定的干物质降解率均略低于产气法测定值,但差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。对2种方法测定值作相关性分析,得出r＝0.98,表明这2种方法所测定出来的数据正相关。     

山地节水滴灌设备研制及其应用效益研究

用节水包将贮存水在早期根据植物的不同需水量，将贮水以点滴或微细流的方式注到植物根部，供植物直接吸收，使灌溉水不蒸发，不渗漏，水分利用率达95％。通过应用试验，集雨袋贮、节水包滴灌具有投资少、效益显著等特点，修建贮量3t的集雨池，100m^2的集雨场，并配套可供1hm^2果树地使用的节水包滴灌，总投资2143．5元左右，节能省工。在同等立地条件下，较地面灌增产10％～16％，节水65％～76％，提高造林成活率46％。多年的抗旱造林多模式节水试验表明，在自然立地条件差的干旱山区，集雨袋贮、节水包滴灌技术是一项简便易行，投资低，效益好的技术，便于推广。     

黑木耳棚室立体吊袋栽培技术集成与示范

黑木耳棚室立体吊袋栽培模式具有保温保湿性好、对空间的利用率高、子实体经济性状好、管理效率高、抗极端天气能力强等特征,具有省水、省地、省工等优点。通过对黑木耳适宜品种、栽培季节、催芽方式、吊袋方法、大棚建造及出耳管理等方面进行系统的技术集成研究,探索出适合黑龙江省气候条件的黑木耳棚室立体吊袋栽培模式,经过在黑龙江省推广应用,取得了一定的经济效益。     

特殊支链聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯的合成及降凝性能评价

对国内外多种聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯原油降凝剂分子结构及其降凝效果进行了分析和评价,美国贝克休斯公司生产的A4115对大庆管输原油降凝效果较好,该聚合物为具有特殊支链结构、分子量及分布较大的聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯.以丙烯酸、高碳醇(C18、C20、C22醇)为原料,以对苯二芬等为阻聚剂,浓硫酸为催化剂,在100～130℃条件下酯化4～6h,制得合成单体丙烯酸高碳醇酯.在不同反应条件下合成出具有特殊支链的丙烯酸高碳醇酯聚合物,并与国内外聚丙烯酸高碳醇酯原油降凝剂进行了对比试验.     

陕南秦巴山区PP织物袋梯田筑坎土压力分布研究

以PP织物袋梯田田坎为研究对象,通过人工降雨及弦式土压力盒实测田坎土压力相结合的方法,分析了陕南秦巴山区PP织物袋梯田筑坎土的压力分布,进而探究了导致田坎产生滑塌、鼓肚等破坏形式的原因。研究结果表明,对于不同工况修筑的梯田,其田坎土压力分布曲线呈现出不同的形式。暴雨和连阴雨是导致PP织物袋梯田垮坎的关键性因素。     

Chemical modification of isotactic polypropylene by melt blending

The branched polypropylene (b-PP) was prepared by melt blending process with initiator, antioxidant, and functional monomers to improve the melt strength through the melt grafting. The melt flow index (MFI) of theb-PP was increased with increasing the initiator content. On the introduction of the alkylamine as the branching agents the MFI of theb-PP was increased, while that of theb-PP with the pentaerythritol triacrylate (PT) was decreased. It may be caused by the chain scission of thei-PP backbone due to the reduced thermal stability of thei-PP on the melt blending. The MFI of theb-PP without the antioxidant was increased due to the chain scission occurred during the melt processing, while on the introduction of the antioxidant, the MFI of theb-PP was decreased. The crystallization temperature of theb-PP was higher than that of PP, which was attributed to the branched chain structure. It was found that the PT was the most effective functional monomers for enhancing the melt properties of theb-PP.