木塑复合材料热变形温度研究

以现有木塑工厂生产配方为基础,通过改进配方,采用熔融共混方法对木塑复合材料的耐热性进行研究.结果表明:在原有木塑厂生产配方基础上,基体树脂聚乙烯回料用量减少15％,同时添加10％的共聚型聚丙烯新料和5％玻纤,工业化放大生产制得的木塑复合材料热变形温度从61℃提高到99℃;弯曲强度从25 MPa提高到32 MPa;冲击强度从3.5 kJ/m2提高到3.7 kJ/m2,且生产成本并未明显提高.     

黄麻土工布覆盖对花岗岩红壤表土坡面侵蚀特性的影响

[目的]探究黄麻土工布覆盖条件下花岗岩红壤表土坡面侵蚀特性,为花岗岩红壤区坡面土壤侵蚀防治提供科学依据。[方法]通过室内模拟降雨试验,在2个坡度(5°和15°坡度)、3种密度(无覆盖,6 cm×6 cm及3 cm×3 cm网格)的黄麻土工布覆盖条件下,研究极端降雨条件下(90 mm/h)花岗岩红壤表土的坡面侵蚀特性,并观测径流系数、土壤侵蚀速率、泥沙颗粒变化规律及富集率等指标。[结果]坡面径流随降雨历时增加而增加,土壤侵蚀速率则相反,表明侵蚀过程是一个分离受限的过程。和对照组相比,黄麻土工布覆盖在不同试验条件下都具有明显的减流减沙作用。另外,由侵蚀泥沙的粒径分选规律可知,坡面土壤中的黏粒和粉粒大小的颗粒倾向于被优先选择性搬运,其结果致使坡面石英粗颗粒富集,在缓坡(5°)与高密度黄麻土工布覆盖条件下(3 cm×3 cm网格)尤为突出。坡面石英粗颗粒随降雨历时增加不断富集进一步增加了原位坡面的侵蚀抗性,产生了土壤侵蚀速率随降雨历时不断降低的现象。[结论]高密度黄麻土工布的覆盖能够有效地减流减沙,增加原位坡面抗蚀性,是一种有效的水土保持措施,在今后的土壤侵蚀防治和劣地恢复工作中应该被重视。     

聚丙烯纤维对混凝土抗裂性能的影响

经对聚丙烯纤维混凝土研究成果的分析可知,聚丙烯纤维的掺入改善了混凝土的工作性能,提高了混凝土的早期强度,减少了混凝土的早期收缩,因而提高了混凝土的抗裂性能。《规程》规定的收缩试验方法,适用于限制混凝土的收缩对比试验,采用改进的收缩试验方法更符合工程实际。建议聚丙烯纤维在混凝土中的合理掺量为0.8~1.0 kg/m3,这对聚丙烯纤维的应用有一定的参考价值。     

聚丙烯微塑料添加对大豆和花生生长及生理生态特征的影响

农田微塑料污染对作物生长存在显著影响,但不同功能类型作物的生理生态、产量及品质对土壤微塑料的响应尚不清楚。鉴于此,本研究选取我国农业生产的两大主要作物大豆（地上结实）和花生（地下结实）为试验材料,并设置对照组（无添加）和实验组（添加0.40%的聚丙烯微塑料）进行大田原位试验。结果表明：微塑料添加与作物结实类型二者的交互作用对作物的生长与生理生态特征存在显著影响,主要体现在作物的整株形态结构、生物量积累与分配及籽粒品质。微塑料添加显著降低两种作物的总生物量、地上生物量、相对生长速率和百粒重,大豆降幅分别为13.61%、14.07%、13.23%和7.84%,花生降幅分别为17.10%、18.64%、16.12%和11.98%。此外,微塑料添加显著降低花生的地下生物量、可溶性糖含量和大豆的叶绿素含量,降幅分别为15.77%、25.51%和5.74%,与之相反,微塑料添加增加大豆的叶面积比值和可溶性糖含量,增幅分别为28.07%和25.82%。由此可见,聚丙烯微塑料添加对两种作物的生长和产量均有抑制作用,对花生的影响尤为明显。     

桥面铺装用纤维混凝土耐久性试验与分析

试验以本地的材料为研究对象，针对寒区桥面铺装这一特殊应用领域要求，进行低掺聚丙烯纤维混凝土配合比设计及优选。然后对不同掺入量组成的低掺聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗渗、抗裂的耐久性试验研究，并对试验结果进行分析评价。     

三层聚丙烯管道防腐层的性能及其应用

通过对常用油气管道防腐层以及三层聚丙烯防腐层性能进行分析,指出三层聚丙烯防腐层具有耐高温、耐腐蚀性能好,不易发生环境应力开裂等特点。三层聚丙烯防腐层适用于环境温度较高的输油管道、城市供热管网及化工管道等设施的防腐,但这种防腐材料也存在一些缺点,不适合在严寒地区应用,其补口、补伤应采用专用材料和技术。     

不同精粗比日粮添加甘露寡糖对绵羊瘤胃纤维降解率的影响

选取6只安装永久瘤胃瘘管羯羊(白萨福克♂×小尾寒羊♀)为瘤胃液供试动物,采用4×6二因子析因试验设计,共设2个因子,分别为不同精粗比日粮(A1(20:80)、A2(30:70)、A3(40:60)、A4(50:50))和不同甘露寡糖添加量(B1 (0)、B2 (0.4%)、B3 (0.8%)、B4 (1.2%)、B5 (1.6%)、B6 (2.0%)),进行尼龙袋半体内试验,旨在研究不同精粗比日粮中添加甘露寡糖对绵羊瘤胃中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率的影响。结果表明,A因子对日粮中不同时间点NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率、降解参数及有效降解率均产生了显著影响(P< 0.05),A1处理组的NDF和ADF各个时间点(除3 h外)的瘤胃降解率均显著高于A3和A4处理组(P< 0.05);B因子对3、6、9、12、48 h的瘤胃ADF降解率均产生了显著影响(P< 0.05),其中B5处理组显著高于B1、B2处理组(P< 0.05);A3处理组的NDF有效降解率显著高于A1、A2处理组(P< 0.05),稍高于A4处理组(P >0.05)。综上所述,在精粗比为40:60时,NDF和ADF的瘤胃有效降解率处于较高水平。     

Mass loss and nutrient release during litter decay in peatland: The role of microbial adaptability to litter chemistry

In peatlands the reduced decomposition rate of plant litter is the fundamental mechanism making these peat-accumulating ecosystems effective carbon sinks. A better knowledge of litter decomposition and nutrient cycling is thus crucial to improve our predictions of the effects of anthropogenic perturbation on the capacity of peatlands to continue to behave as carbon sinks. We investigated patterns of plant litter decomposition and nutrient release along a minerotrophic-ombrotrophic gradient in a bog on the south-eastern Alps of Italy. We determined mass loss as well as P, N, K, and C release of seven vascular plant species and four moss species after 1 year in both native and transplanted habitats. Hence, differences in litter decay were supposed to reflect the degree of adaptability of microbial communities to litter quality. Polyphenols/nutrient and C/nutrient quotients appeared as the main parameters accounting for decomposition rates of Sphagnum litter. In particular, litter of minerotrophic Sphagnum species decomposed always faster than litter of ombrotrophic Sphagnum species, both in native and transplanted habitats. Decomposition rates of vascular plant litter in native habitats were always higher than the corresponding mass loss rates of Sphagnum litter. Minerotrophic forbs showed the fastest decomposition both in native and transplanted habitats in accordance with low C/P and C/N litter quotients. On the other hand, C/P quotient seems to play a primary role also in controlling decomposition of graminoids. Decomposition of deciduous and evergreen shrubs was negatively related to their high lignin content. Nitrogen release from Sphagnum litter was primarily controlled by C/N quotient, so that minerotrophic Sphagnum litter released more N than ombrotrophic Sphagnum litter. Overall, we observed slower N release from litter of ombrotrophic vascular plant species compared to minerotrophic vascular plant species. No single chemical parameter could predict the variability associated with different functional groups. The release of K was very high compared to all the other nutrients and rather similar between ombrotrophic and minerotrophic litter types. In Sphagnum litter, a higher C/P quotient was associated with a slower P mineralisation, whereas a faster P release from vascular plant litter seems primarily associated with lower C/P and polyphenols/P quotients.     

黑荆木屑发酵处理后袋栽香菇试验研究

通过对黑荆树木屑进行发酵处理,有效地降解木屑中的单宁含量,从而克服了出菇初期长“蜡烛状畸形菇”的现象,为利用黑荆木屑袋栽香菇获得优质高产提供了切实可行的技术措施     

Experimental Research on the Shock and Wearing Resistant Concrete Blended with Polypropylene Fiber

The shock and wearing resistances and anti-crack performance of concrete blended with polycarboxylate superplasticizer and polypropylene fiber were studied.Results show that,compared with concrete added with silica fume,the high water-reducing effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and fly ash reduced the consumption of cementitious material and the amount of cracks decreased significantly.Together with the action of polypropylene fiber,the shock and wearing resistances and anti-crack performance of concrete enhanced remarkably.