木/麻/PP纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响

采用无纺织气流成型织坯再热压的工艺,研究汽车内饰用木/麻/PP纤维三元复合材料中,3种纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响.研究结果表明,增加PP纤维含量,可以提高复合材料的静曲强度和耐水性;麻纤维含量增加对提高材料的强度影响显著,但耐水性略有下降.当PP纤维含量为40%、麻纤维为30%、木纤维30%时,复合材料的性能较佳.     

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Wood Powder /Polypropylene Composites

The dynamic mechanical properties of wood powder/polypropylene composites with different wood content treated and untreated with the compatibilizer have been studied. It has been found that addition of wood powders and the compatibilizer can both improve the viscoelasticity of composites. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of appropriate wood powder-filled composites decreased. The value for the storage modulus (G') increased gradually with increasing wood powder content. The addition of the compatibilizer made glass transition temperature shift to a higher temperature. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) results showed that, for pure PP, the addition of the compatibilizer decreased its melting point, and increased its Calorie of Melt at the same time. For the composite with 50 % wood powder treated with the compatibilizer, the melting point was almost unchanged, but its Calorie of Melt decreased.     

不同表面处理麦秸秆对木塑复合材料性能的影响

为提高麦秸秆纤维与聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)基体的界面结合力,采用复合处理法对麦秸秆纤维进行表面处理:先分别用NaOH、乙酸溶液浸泡、水热处理、蒸汽爆破和微波等方法对麦秸秆纤维进行预处理,再复合偶联剂法处理麦秸秆纤维;用熔融共混、模压成型方法制备麦秸秆/废弃PP木塑复合材料,探讨了麦秸秆不同表面处理方法制备PP木塑复合材料力学性能和吸湿吸水性能;用体视显微镜对不同处理的麦秸秆及木塑复合材料拉伸断面进行观察。结果表明:经复合处理的麦秸秆与PP木塑复合材料力学性能和吸湿吸水性能均优于单纯使用偶联剂处理的麦秸秆与PP木塑复合材料;NaOH和乙酸复合处理的复合材料力学性能和抗吸湿吸水性能较好,水热和蒸汽爆破复合处理的复合材料次之。麦秸秆经复合处理后,表面变粗糙,秸秆纤维和PP基体的界面黏合性得到改善。该文研究结果对通过麦秸秆纤维表面处理提高麦秸秆/废弃PP木塑复合材料的性能有重要的实际意义。     

Field survival of the phytostimulator Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 and functional impact on maize crop, biodegradation of crop residues, and soil faunal indicators in a context of decreasing nitrogen fertilisation

Heavy nitrogen fertilisation is often implemented in maize cropping systems, but it can have negative environmental effects. Nitrogen-fixing, phytohormone-producing Azospirillum plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been proposed as crop inoculants to maintain high yield when decreasing nitrogen fertilisation. In this context, agronomic and ecological effects of the inoculation of maize seeds with the PGPR Azospirillum lipoferum CRT1 were studied in two consecutive years. The inoculant was recovered from maize at 10⁵ CFU g⁻¹ root or higher. Inoculation enhanced root growth and development based on results of root biomass, rooting depth and/or parameters describing root system architecture, and a transient positive effect on shoot height was observed in the first year. Inoculation did not increase yield, but reducing mineral nitrogen fertilisation had only a minor effect on yield. This suggests that the lack of positive effect of the PGPR on yield was due to the fact that the whole field was heavily fertilised in years prior to the start of the experiment. Soil nitrogen levels decreased during the 2 years of the study, and the inoculant had no effect on residual soil nitrogen levels at harvest. Inoculation had no impact on Fusarium symptoms and concentration of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in maize kernels, but both were influenced by the interaction between inoculation and nitrogen fertilisation level. Inoculation did not influence meso/macrofaunal soil populations, but had a small but significant effect (smaller than the effect of added nitrogen) on decomposition, nitrogen mineralisation and mesofaunal colonisation of maize leaves (in litter bags). Overall, the ecological impact of seed inoculation with the PGPR A. lipoferum CRT1 was small, and its magnitude was smaller than that of chemical nitrogen fertilisation.     

扬州沿运灌区暗管排水土工布外包滤料的水力性能试验研究

农田暗管排水系统建设是提高农业机械化作业效率的有效措施之一.土工布作为排水暗管外包滤料时,需要具有良好的透水性能和抗淤堵能力.文中以扬州段沿运灌区为例,针对当地土壤中粉粒含量较高,土工布外包滤料筛选困难等实际问题,参考相关技术准则,选用2种开孔率和厚度不同的土工布进行了水力渗透试验,并与传统的河砂反滤材料进行了对比,筛选出适合当地土壤的土工布外包材料.研究结果显示,所选用的2种土工布透水性能存在较大差异,其中厚度较大(0.41 mm)、孔径较小(180 μm)的土工布A的透水性能较好,渗透系数为初始值的54.1%,高于河砂滤层的46.1%,而厚度为0.35 mm、孔径为227 μm的土工布B渗透系数仅为初始值的30.2%.相比于土工布B,土工布A具有更好的抗淤堵能力,长期使用后淤堵率比土工布B低16%.通过对土工布表面形成的、透水性较低的滤饼分析发现,土工布B不但自身发生了较大程度淤堵,其表面形成的滤饼较为密实,是影响其渗透性能的直接原因.     

REVEGETATION OF DECOMPOSED GRANITE ROADCUTS IN KOREA: DEVELOPING DIGGER,EVALUATING COST EFFECTIVENESS,AND DETERMINING DIMENSIONS OF DRILLING HOLES,REVEGETATION SPECIES,AND MULCHING TREATMENT

Decomposed granite roadcuts are difficult to revegetate after losing the topsoil and vegetation cover. We developed a new drilling machine, Digger, to efficiently drill six holes simultaneously on decomposed granite roadcuts to facilitate revegetation. The Digger consists of a base machine (0.7 m³‐level excavator) and a mounting body with six hydraulic motors instead of a bucket. We tested its performance on two roadcuts in southwest Korea using time‐motion studies, which showed that the Digger can drill 240 m² of decomposed granite roadcuts daily. The unit cost of the Digger was less than a half of other roadcut stabilization and revegetation techniques in Korea, making the Digger a cost‐effective revegetation technology. Field germination and growth tests were also conducted to identify appropriate diameter and depth of drilling holes, suitable revegetation species, and mulching treatment. We drilled holes with three different diameters and depths, filled the holes with a mixture of plant seeds and cultivated soil, applied mulching treatments (coir geotextile, shade net, and no mulching), and measured the germination and growth results at two field plots after 1 month and 1 year. The results showed that drilling diameter 10 cm and depth 10 cm were large enough to result in better plant germination and growth. Erosion control species, Poa pratensis L. and Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, survived and grew better than native woody species. Coir geotextile improved the plant germination and growth. The time‐motion and revegetation results show that the Digger can be a promising technology to restore decomposed granite roadcuts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同果袋对油梨果实品质及脂肪酸成分的影响

以海南本地3个油梨品系为试材,选取2种不同类型果袋(白色纸袋和外黄内黑牛皮纸袋)进行油梨果实套袋处理,以不套袋作为对照,在套袋后100 d,油梨成熟时采集样品,进行果实外观和内在品质的测定.观察并测定套袋对油梨果实品质和脂肪酸成分的影响.结果表明,外黄内黑牛皮纸袋套袋处理后的果实表皮变黄,白色纸袋套袋处理后的果皮颜色与...     

土工布在旧水泥路面改造中的应用

本文阐述了在旧水泥混凝土路面上铺沥青混凝土路面时，铺设土工布防治沥青路面反射裂缝的关键技术。     

Effect of a biocontrol agent (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis>) and modified atmosphere packaging on postharvest decay control and quality retention of litchi during storage

The efficacy of biological control and two types of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) alone and in combinations was evaluated under cold storage as well as simulated market-shelf conditions to control decay and pericarp browning on litchi cv. ‘McLean’s Red’. Fruits were dipped for 2 min at 15°C inBacillus subtilis or prochloraz separately, packed in MAP [low density polyethylene (LDPE) or polypropylene (PP)], heat sealed and stored at 2°C and 90% r.h. for 18 days followed by 2 days at 14°C and 75% r.h. to simulate market-shelf conditions. A commercially adopted sulfur dioxide treatment was included as a comparative control. Fruits treated withB. subtilis + PP or prochloraz + PP and stand-alone PP treatment did not show decay or browning at 2°C. Decay and browning were controlled significantly after 2 days at 14°C inB. subtilis + PP or prochloraz + PP treatments. However, the prochloraz + PP affected the natural pinkish-red color of the pericarp and gave higher h° (hue angle) values. The stand-alone PP treatment (∼14% O₂, ∼5% CO₂) showed 11.3% decay due mainly toAlternaria alternata andCladosporium spp. at 14°C. The effectiveness of the MAP was improved at 14°C whenB. subtilis was combined with PP, controlling decay and pericarp browning and retaining the fruit color and quality.B. subtilis survived in PP at 2° and 14°C, but not in LDPE. Stand-alone LDPE (∼3% O₂, ∼10% CO₂) and combination treatmentsB. subtilis + LDPE or prochloraz + LDPE failed to control decay and pericarp browning. Higher yeast populations were observed in LDPE orB. subtilis + LDPE at both 2° and 14°C.Candida, Cryptococcus andZygosaccharomyces spp. were the predominant yeasts in all LDPE treatments. Reprints ofS. Afr. Litchi Growers’ Assoc. Yearb. references can be obtained from D. Sivakumar.