Comparative evaluation of metallic skin staples or polypropylene sutures for primary closure of teat wounds in sheep

ABSTRACT

Aims

To compare stainless steel staples and polypropylene suture material for primary closure of wounds after teat amputation in ewes and to assess progress of healing in the presence or absence of intramammary infection (IMI).     

Evaluation of a canine small intestinal submucosal xenograft and polypropylene mesh as bioscaffolds in an abdominal full-thickness resection model of growing rats

We evaluated the biological scaffold properties of canine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) compared to a those of polypropylene mesh in growing rats with full-thickness abdominal defects. SIS is used to repair musculoskeletal tissue while promoting cell migration and supporting tissue regeneration. Polypropylene mesh is a non-resorbable synthetic material that can endure mechanical tension. Canine SIS was obtained from donor German shepherds, and its porous collagen fiber structure was identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A 2.50-cm² section of canine SIS (SIS group) or mesh (mesh group) was implanted in Sprague-Dawley rats. At 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after surgery, the implants were histopathologically examined and tensile load was tested. One month after surgery, CD68+ macrophage numbers in the SIS group were increased, but the number of CD8+ T cells in this group declined more rapidly than that in rats treated with the mesh. In the SIS group, few adhesions and well-developed autologous abdominal muscle infiltration into the SIS collagen fibers were observed. No significant differences in the tensile load test results were found between the SIS and mesh groups at 24 weeks. Canine SIS may therefore be a suitable replacement for artificial biological scaffolds in small animals.     

“禁塑令”情景下超市购物袋有偿使用的博弈分析

基于全国范围内实行购物袋有偿使用制度这一背景,建立了基本的"农产品供应商(超市)—消费者"博弈模型,讨论了纳什均衡和帕累托均衡情况下各博弈参与人的"成本"和"收益",得出纳什非合作均衡和帕累托合作均衡的条件,进而肯定了购物袋有偿使用的必要性。     

The effect of hyperbranched polymer lubricant as a compatibilizer on the structure and properties of lignin/polypropylene composites

Abstract

In this work, the lignin/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by lignin and PP using hyperbranched polymer lubricant (HBPL) as a compatibilizer, which was synthesized by oleic acid and amino-terminated hyperbranch (HBP-NH₂) polymer in toluene solvent. The impact and flexural strength of the resulting composites were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the impact strength and flexural strength of lignin/PP composites modified with HBPL are 52.3% and 63.6% higher than that of untreated systems, respectively. HBPL treatment could also significantly improve the melt flow rate (MFR) of the lignin/PP composites. Meanwhile, the storage modulus (E′) of adding the HBPL was slightly higher than that of the uncompatibilized system. In addition, scanning electron microscope images showed that the dispersion of the lignin added with HBPL in the polymer matrix was improved. It can be inferred that the lignin and PP matrix interfacial bonding was strengthened.     

不同脱袋栽植方式对白蜡容器苗生长的影响

通过未脱袋去除容器底部、脱袋保留土球、脱袋抖落土球和未脱袋4种栽植方式进行容器苗造林,研究白蜡在晋北地区脱袋造林的效果。结果表明,在晋北地区,脱袋与不脱袋造林对白蜡株高与生物量的影响不显著。但脱袋后白蜡地上部分与地下部分生物量显著提高,根系生长更好。容器袋限制侧根生长,脱袋面积越大,侧根发育越好;保留土球(基质)能够提升地上部分与地下部分联系,促进根系发育,提高苗木抗逆性。因此,在晋北地区种植白蜡宜采用脱袋保留土球的造林方法。     

Analysis of Impervious Performance about Tunnel Polypropylene Fiber Concrete and the Experimental Comparison

Recently, most impermeability seudies of polypropylene fiber concrete, as a new sort of tunnel lining waterproof material,are limited to the impervious mechanism and unable to be satisfied with the engineering need. On the basis of fracture mechanics and the micro structure mechanics, the resistance of fiber to the crack extension inside concrete and it’s SIF were deduced, the analytical formula of fiber resistance effect to the opening mode crack extension was presented as well. Meanwhile, the impervious performance of polypropylene fiber concrete was explained reasonably by the numerical calculation of the resistance effect. On the other hand, for comparing the impervious performance of polypropylene fiber concrete with that of UEA concrete, the impervious performance experiments of four groups of different types of concrete were carried out, it is presented that the former is superior to the latter. More than that, adding double polypropylene fiber and UEA to the concrete with proper proportion will make the impervious performance much better.     

Preliminary study of viscoelastic properties of MAPP-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites

Viscoelastic properties of maleated polypropylene (MAPP)-modified wood flour/polypropylene composites (WPC) were investigated by both a compression stress relaxation method and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA). Three wood to polymer ratios (40:60, 60:40, and 80:20) and five MAPP loading levels (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8%) were used to study their effects on the viscoelastic properties of MAPP-WPC. The results show that: 1) higher wood to polymer ratio corresponds to higher stress relaxation levels for unmodified WPC. The modification with MAPP has an obvious effect on the stress relaxation of MAPP-WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios (60:40 and 80:20), but almost no effect at the 40:60 wood to polymer ratio. The optimal MAPP loading level for the wood to polymer ratio of 60:40 appears at 1%; 2) the storage modulus reaches its maximum at a MAPP loading level of 1% for wood to polymer ratios of 40:60 and 60:40, while for the 80:20 wood to polymer ratio, a higher storage modulus is observed at higher MAPP loading levels, which is quite consistent with the stress relaxation results. The results suggested that a suitable loading level of MAPP has a positive effect on the viscoelastic properties of WPC at higher wood to polymer ratios. Excessive MAPP loading would have resulted in adverse effects.     

川滇桤木育苗研究

[目的]研究最适合川滇桤木育苗的规格营养袋。[方法]采用随机区组设计,对4种规格的有底和无底营养袋育苗进行对比试验。[结果]川滇桤木适宜采用10cm×11cm的无底营养袋育苗。[结论]该研究为川滇桤木大规模育苗提供理论依据。     

理化预处理麦秸改善其聚丙烯复合材料抗霉菌腐蚀力学性能

为探讨麦秸秆不同处理方法对其制备的聚丙烯（polypropylene,PP）复合材料耐霉菌腐蚀性能影响,采用NaOH、HAc、水热、微波4种方法对麦秸秆纤维进行表面预处理,并对未处理和4种处理麦秸秆制备的复合材料进行霉菌加速腐蚀试验,测试了5种复合材料腐蚀前后的力学性能、颜色变化和吸水性,用傅立叶红外光谱分析其官能团的变化,观察并分析复合材料表面霉菌生长情况及表面微观结构。结果表明：霉菌能腐蚀麦秸秆纤维中的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,使复合材料表面产生裂纹和孔洞,预处理可改善麦秸秆纤维和PP基体间的界面结合,有效地阻止霉菌腐蚀复合材料中麦秸秆的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,其中5%NaOH预处理效果最佳,其弯曲强度、拉伸和冲击强度分别比未处理的提高了1.68%、3.67%和75.28%,吸水率和色差值降低12.99%和55.25%,经预处理麦秸秆制备复合材料腐蚀后表面裂纹和较大孔洞减少。该研究结果可为提高木塑复合材料防霉效力提供试验数据和理论参考,有利于延长木塑复合材料使用寿命。     

含炭量对木炭/聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

为了改善聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)的力学性能,该文以木炭、聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)为主要原料,采用双螺杆挤出机制备木炭/PP复合材料。并利用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer, XRD)、差式扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimeter, DSC)、电子万能力学试验机、动态热机械分析仪(dynamic mechanical analyzer, DMA)、场发射扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)等仪器对复合材料进行性能特性的表征分析。试验结果表明,PP基体在高温下以流体的形式流入木炭的孔隙,并与木炭相互缠绕、粘结,形成一种界面较为致密的结构,这种结构使得复合材料具有较好的静态力学性能(拉伸强度最高为25.47 MPa)与动态力学性能(储能模量最高为4 921.92 MPa)。研究结果可为木炭在生物基材料方面的应用提供新的思路。