马铃薯渣制膳食纤维的工艺研究

对马铃薯提取淀粉后的废弃物———马铃薯渣进行了开发。研究了用其制膳食纤维的工艺 ,并用相应的标准进行了检测     

南非红麻产量基因型与环境互作的效应分析

本实验分析了9个红麻品种在南非地区的产量稳定性.结果显示,在南非纳塔尔地区,红麻产量的基因型和环境相互作用显著.在不同的参试地区和年份中,红麻鲜重,鲜茎产量以及干茎产量均为极显著差异.灌溉条件下各产量指标明显高于干旱地区.本实验还应用了3个不同的参数和方案,评估了这9个品种的稳定性.结果表明,综合三个参数,EI Salvador是在不同环境条件下具有丰产潜力的品种.     

香蕉麻预处理脱胶优化研究

天然香蕉麻纤维存在“粗、硬、脆”等问题,影响到常规与高档纺织品的开发;为提高天然香蕉麻可纺性能．在系统分析香蕉麻化学成分的基础上。采用正交试验方法对酶预处理脱胶与双氧水预处理脱胶工艺进行了优化。结果表明,以胶质溶除率评定,酶预处理下最佳脱胶工艺条件是：氢氧化钠浓度8g／L,精炼时间3h,酶处理时间6h;双氧水预处理最佳脱胶工艺条件是：pH9,温度50℃,处理时间30min。     

国外纤维亚麻品种的比较与评价

采用随机区组对从国外引进的纤维亚麻品种进行了比较试验。结果表明:各参试品种的生育期与对照品种相当;TX-3、TX-13、SU和TX-14的原茎产量、种子产量和出麻率优于对照品种FANY,其它参试品种的原茎产量低于对照品种,但出麻率均优于对照品种;TX-3、SU和MARYLIN对枯萎病达中度抗病水平;比较各参试品种的综合表现,TX-3和SU两品种生育期适中、产量和出麻率高、抗病性好,可推广应用。     

棉纤维生物炭对稻田土壤及水稻Cd含量的影响

为生物炭应用于农田Cd污染的控制及治理提供相关科学依据,研究通过根箱试验,研究棉纤维生物炭对水稻根际和非根际土壤可交换态和不可交换态Cd含量及水稻植株中Cd分配的影响。研究表明:随着棉纤维生物炭的施用量增加,根际和非根际土壤可交换态Cd含量都呈下降趋势,同时不可交换态Cd含量都呈上升趋势。随着棉纤维生物炭的施用量增加,非根际土壤pH值呈逐渐上升趋势。非根际土壤pH值与可交换态Cd含量之间存在显著负相关关系,与不可交换态Cd含量之间存在显著正相关关系。可见,施用棉纤维生物炭可在一定程度上提高非根际土壤pH值,进一步降低了非根际土壤可交换态Cd含量;而根际土壤可交换态Cd含量的下降,主要受棉纤维生物炭的理化性质影响,受土壤pH值影响不大。随着棉纤维生物炭的施用量的增加,水稻各部位Cd含量及累积量都呈现下降趋势,其中籽粒Cd含量的下降幅度最大,为36.57%,根的Cd含量的下降幅度最小,为12.56%。由于茎鞘的生物量和Cd含量都较大,茎鞘中Cd累积量最高,平均为25.44μg plant^-1,是籽粒的2.85倍。因此,在进行农田土壤Cd修复的同时,除了要关注农产品Cd污染,还要考虑如何妥善处理大量的富集Cd的农业废弃物,避免产生二次污染风险。     

植物纤维毯道路边坡防护技术综合效益评价

为系统评价植物纤维毯水土保持作用对不同雨强的响应以及改良土壤的作用,开展了人工模拟降雨试验和野外小区监测,在模拟降雨试验中,设计4个雨强,测试3种植物纤维毯,降雨历时均为60min。在降雨过程中以5min为间隔收集径流泥沙,并测定径流量和侵蚀泥沙量。在野外小区监测中,通过2007,2010,2013年施工的稻草毯小区,以及2014年施工的椰丝毯、椰丝稻草混合毯和稻草毯小区,评价土壤理化性质对植物纤维毯铺设年限和类型的响应差异。结果表明:在47mm/h及以上雨强下,椰丝毯、椰丝稻草混合毯和稻草毯均能有效减少侵蚀和产流,平均减蚀效益分别为94.92%,86.06%,83.42%,平均减流效益分别为31.59%,45.02%,52.44%,减蚀效益显著优于减流效益。3种植物纤维毯均在47mm/h雨强下减蚀效益和减流效益达到最高,其中最高减蚀效益为椰丝毯(97.54%),最高减流效益为椰丝稻草混合毯(88.26%)。随着雨强增大,减蚀效益和减流效益均不同程度降低,且减流效益降低更快。随着植物纤维毯铺设年限延长,土壤理化性质逐渐改善;铺设1年后,椰丝稻草混合毯改土效果最佳。     

Effect of nutrient solution salinity and ionic concentration on parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) essential oil yield and content

The growth and essential oil (EO) production of parsley were evaluated in response to salinity and nutrient solution concentrations in a soilless culture. Parsley plants that were 60 days old were potted in a coconut fiber and peat moss medium and were treated with four different nutrient solutions, including T1, T2, T3 and T4. The T1 nutrient solution was the standard, the T2 and T3 solutions contained incremental macronutrient concentrations with an electrical conductivity (EC) of up to 2.2 and 3.2 dS m^?1, respectively, and the T4 solution was the same as T2 but with sodium chloride (NaCl) and an incremental macronutrient concentration with an EC of 3.2 dS m^?1. Next, these plants were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse with natural daylight in Nador, Morocco. Shoot and root growth significant decreased with increasing EC. However, the salinity that resulted from the addition of NaCl did not affect plant growth in the nutrient solutions. The optimum obtained growth and EO production were 1.2 and 2.2 dS m^?1, respectively. Consequently, the optimum EC value (based on the EO production) of parsley in the soilless culture was 1.2–2.2 dS m^?1.     

Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia: Effects on flax yield in spoil‐bank clay

This study focused on the application of native strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Sinorhizobium in effective crop production during reclamation of coal‐mine spoil banks. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in spoil‐bank clay with a low dose of organic amendment to determine whether the microbial inoculation improves growth and utility qualities of two cultivars of Linum usitatissimum L. (oil and fiber flax). Inoculation with two native AMF isolates (Glomus mosseae, G. intraradices, and their mixture) significantly increased growth and shoot phosphorus (P) concentration of both flax cultivars. Inoculated fiber flax plants produced fivefold more fibers than the uninoculated ones. In oil flax, mycorrhizal inoculation significantly but quantitatively to a minor degree decreased the concentration of nonsaturated fatty acids in the seed oil. A mixture of five native Sinorhizobium sp. strains supported growth and P uptake of oil flax only in the absence of AMF. However, these beneficial effects of the bacteria were significantly lower as compared to AMF. No synergic action of Sinorhizobium strains and AMF was observed, and their interactions were often even antagonistic. Inoculation with AMF significantly decreased population density of Sinorhizobium in the soil. These results suggest that a careful selection of suitable bacterial strains is necessary to provide effective AMF combinations and maximize flax‐growth support.     

草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的关键酶研究

为研究草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的关键酶种类和特性,采用经典的DNS法对草本纤维生物提取菌株分泌的果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶进行系统分析。结果表明,6 个草本纤维非纤维素降解菌株均能同步产果胶酶、甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶;在培养的第9~11 h,菌株CBXW-3 分泌的果胶酶活力最高达123 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-1 的果胶酶活力105 IU/mL;菌株CBXW-4 的甘露聚糖酶活力最高达214.2 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-1 的甘露聚糖酶活力162.1 IU/mL;菌株CBXW-4 的木聚糖酶活力最高为111.4 IU/mL,其次为菌株CBXW-6 的木聚糖酶活力87.6 IU/mL。由此得出,6 个目标菌株分泌的草本纤维非纤维素降解酶系种类丰富,酶活力高,可为阐明草本纤维生物提取机理和开发微生物资源的应用价值提供科学依据。     

转兔角蛋白基因改良棉纤维品质研究

通过花粉管通道转基因技术,将E6启动子驱动的兔角蛋白基因导入高产棉花品种苏棉16号。所用转基因表达载体还含有选择标记基因NPTⅡ(卡那霉素抗性基因)及Gus报告基因。对转化体后代的检测结果表明,T1代有2.1%呈现Gus阳性,在Gus阳性株中84.6%具有卡那霉素抗性。用依据E6启动子序列和兔角蛋白基因序列设计的两对引物,对经过上述筛选的植株进行PCR检测,多次重复,最终确定3株结果稳定的转兔角蛋白基因棉株。从品质分析结果看,这3个株系成熟棉纤维的品质部分得到改良,尤其比强度有较大幅度提高,与转基因受体相比平均提高6.3cN·tex 1。