Biochemical responses to ultraviolet‐C radiation and methyl jasmonate in Pinus radiata seedlings that accompany induced resistance to Diplodia pinea

Irradiation of Pinus radiata seedlings with ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) radiation or spray application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) each resulted in induced resistance to subsequent wound inoculation with Diplodia pinea. Induced resistance was expressed by lower incidence of disease and by reduced size of stem lesions than in untreated seedlings. UV‐C was more effective than MeJA and the induced resistance was greatest in seedlings that were irradiated with UV‐C for 60 min, 1 week before pathogen inoculation. Induced resistance in the UV‐C treated stems was concomitant with increases in peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity but showed no correlation with concentrations of α‐pinene and β‐pinene or total phenolics. Furthermore, POX induction in stem tissue was cumulative and was greatest after three repeat treatments with UV‐C at 6, 3 and 1 week before inoculation. In contrast to UV‐C, MeJA induced a significant increase in β‐pinene concentration in stem tissue but did not affect PPO activity. POX activity was induced by MeJA in stems, although to a lesser extent than by UV‐C, but was not affected in needles. This appears to be the first report demonstrating the use of UV‐C radiation to induce resistance to fungal infection in a coniferous species. The implications of the underlying differences between UV‐C‐ and MeJA‐mediated resistance to D. pinea are discussed.     

红果米仔兰杀虫活性成分及毒力的初步研究

为探索楝科植物红果米仔兰的杀虫活性,本以生物活性跟踪法对该种植物的叶的活性成分进行了初步研究,并测定了活性物质对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒力。叶的甲醇抽提物活性高于氯仿抽提物和石油醚抽提物。甲醇抽提物经氯仿萃取,所得萃取物通过柱层析,分离得到的４号流份Ｆ４有最高活性。Ｆ４对斜纹夜蛾４龄幼虫的拒食中浓度（ＡＦＣ５０）为０．１２％,致死中浓度（ＬＣ５０）为０．１３％,抑制生长发育中浓度（ＥＣ５０）为０．２１％。     

香菇的药用价值及其产品开发前景

近年来,香菇因不仅能满足于人们的营养需求,同时还具有保健及药用价值,而越来越受到人们的青睐。从香菇的有效成分、药理作用和产品开发3个方面进行阐述,以期为指导香菇食用、产品开发和产业发展提供参考依据。     

茶树育种品质早期化学鉴定——Ⅰ.鲜叶的主要生化组分与红茶品质的关系

用直线和曲线模型,模拟分析了38个品种(系)一芽二三叶鲜叶中的主要生化组分与红茶感官品质的关系。结果表明,水浸出物(We)与红茶品质(BQ)的关系可用直线模型(BQ=67.1204+0.4196We)来模拟;茶多酚(Ph)、咖啡碱(Cf)与红茶品质的关系宜用渐近曲线模型(BQ=91.9736-206.0034 Ph~(-1),BQ=89.8686-26.9622 Cf~(-1))来描述;氨基酸(A),酚氨比(P/A)与红茶品质的关系可用二次曲线[BQ=73.84+15.4138A-4.9612A~2,BQ     

Wet aggregate stability as affected by excess carbonate and other soil properties

Aggregate stability is a fundamental property influencing soil erodibility and hydraulic characteristics. Knowledge of soil components controlling aggregate stability is very important to soil structure conservation. The objective of this study, which was carried out in surface soils from central Greece, was to relate wet aggregate stability to selected soil properties, with emphasis on excessive free carbonate content. The wet‐sieving technique of air‐dried aggregates was used for structural stability evaluation, according to a test that calculates an instability index. The soils studied were developed on Tertiary marly parent material and ranged in calcium carbonate content from 5 to 641 g kg⁻¹. From the texture analysis before and after removal of carbonates, it was concluded that carbonates mainly contributed to total silt and sand fractions, that is to the mechanical fractions which, as a rule, negatively affect aggregate stability. The results of the correlation analysis showed that aggregate stability was positively affected by aluminosilicate clay content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and Al‐containing sesquioxides. Clay fraction from carbonates and total sand and silt negatively affected aggregate stability. CEC has been proved a very significant determinant of aggregate stability, which in a hyperbolic form relationship with instability index explained 78·9 per cent of aggregate stability variation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养基的优化

采用摇瓶培养法对黄伞菌丝深层发酵培养基组成进行了研究。结果表明 ,黄伞菌丝深层发酵适宜的碳源为葡萄糖 ,适宜的氮源为牛肉膏 ;正交试验得到较优培养基配方     

蜂花粉营养液的营养成分分析

蜂花粉营养液以油菜花粉和蜂蜜为原料,经过先进的生产工艺制备而成.本文主要对其营养成分进行了分析,该营养液的营养成分搭配合理,含有17种氨基酸,其中包括8种必需氨基酸,氨基酸总量为575.2 mg/100mL;钙31.90 mg/100mL、钾77.46 mg/100mL、钠6.16 mg/100mL、镁19.12 mg/100mL、锌0.14 mg/100mL、铁0.14 mg/100mL、锰0.13 mg/100mL、铜0.053 mg/100mL;尼克酸0.24 mg/100mL、维生素B2 0.01mg/100mL、维生素B6 0.74 mg/100mL、维生素C 0.75 mg/100mL.     

池塘内循环流水养殖模式对黄颡鱼生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标及肌肉营养成分的影响

为了综合评价池塘内循环流水养殖(IPA)模式在黄颡鱼养殖中的应用效果,选取IPA模式、常规池塘养殖(UPA)模式和野生环境(WE)下的黄颡鱼各50尾为研究对象,在养殖322 d后对其生长性能、形体指标、血清生化指标及肌肉营养成分差异进行比较。结果显示:1) IPA组黄颡鱼的成活率显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),但增重率和特定生长率略低于UPA组(P>0.05)。2) IPA组和WE组黄颡鱼的肥满度、肝体指数和脏体指数显著低于UPA组(P <0.05); IPA组的肥满度显著高于WE组(P<0.05),而肝体指数和脏体指数2组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3) IPA组和UPA组血清中总蛋白含量显著低于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、总胆汁酸和总胆固醇含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中γ-谷氨酰基转移酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组血清中肌酐、葡萄糖含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05)。4) IPA组和WE组肌肉中粗脂肪含量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05),但粗蛋白质含量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组肌肉中氨基酸总量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),而显著低于WE组(P<0.05); IPA组必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸总量显著高于UPA组(P <0.05); 3组黄颡鱼肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸,且IPA组和WE组的必需氨基酸指数显著高于UPA组(P<0.05); IPA组和WE组黄颡鱼肌肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量显著高于UPA组(P<0.05),且饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于UPA组(P<0.05)。由此得出,IPA组黄颡鱼具有较高的成活率,较好的体形,其肌肉营养品质优于UPA组黄颡鱼,且健康状况也优于UPA组黄颡鱼,但仍差于WE组黄颡鱼。因此,应进一步优化IPA的环境条件(如流速因子、养殖密度等)以及人工配合饲料配方以迎合消费者对于黄颡鱼营养和味道的需求。     

冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况影响的评价

本试验通过测定血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分,评价冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况的影响。养殖过程中冰鲜组大口黑鲈全程投喂冰鲜杂鱼,饲料组大口黑鲈全程投喂大口黑鲈专用人工配合饲料。在商品鱼上市前,冰鲜组和饲料组各随机采集6尾用于测定血清生化指标,再各随机采集6尾用于测定肌肉营养成分。结果显示:饲料组大口黑鲈血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于冰鲜组(0.01≤P0.05),血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著高于冰鲜组(P0.01),血清中总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量极显著低于冰鲜组(P0.01)。冰鲜组大口黑鲈肌肉中总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于饲料组(0.01≤P0.05),且肌肉中各种氨基酸的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)以及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均高于饲料组。饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中亚油酸(C18∶2)含量极显著高于冰鲜组(P0.01)。结果表明,本试验条件下,冰鲜组大口黑鲈肌肉营养品质特别是蛋白质品质及氨基酸组成要优于饲料组,且健康状况也优于饲料组,但饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中亚油酸含量较冰鲜组极显著升高。因此,大口黑鲈的人工配合饲料配方还需要进一步的优化,来满足消费者对大口黑鲈的营养需求。     

Water Requirements of Safflower Entries in Middle Egypt

Two promising selected land races of safflower ( Carthamns tinctorious L.) designated as line 11 and line 13, together with the local variety Giza 1 , were examined under three levels of moisture depletions, i.e. 40, 60 and 80 % ASMD at Fayoum, Middle Egypt during 1986/87 and 1987/88 seasons. In both growing seasons, the second irrigation treatment i.e. 60 % ASMD gave the highest means for growth characters as well as seed yield and most of its components. Seed oil content per cent exhibited an increased as soil moisture depletion increased with no significant difference between entries. Safflower entries showed clear differences in some yield components which compensate each other and resulted in no significant difference in seed yield per hectar.
Consumptive use of water by safflower plants increased as the available soil moisture around the root zone increased. No significant differences were found in water consumed by safflower entries used in all experiments.
In the two experimental seasons, the best water use efficiency (WUE) for seed production was obtained also from the second treatment (60 % ASMD). The line 11 gave the best WUE.