利用PCR对鸭瘟和鸭"传染性肿头症"的鉴别诊断

本文利用聚合链反应(PCR)技术对鸭瘟和鸭“传染性肿头症”进行鉴别诊断。结果证明该方法具有特异、快速的特点。可对这两种临床症状较为相似的鸭传染性疾病进行快速鉴别诊断。     

双重PCR检测马铃薯晚疫病和环腐病方法的建立

通过克隆马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌转录间隔区(ITS)序列,并对测序结果进行同源性比较,选取差异位点分别设计了两对引物P.IN1/P.IN2和C.IN1/C.IN2,并检测了引物的特异性及方法的灵敏度。引物P.IN1/P.IN2可扩增出1条363bp马铃薯晚疫病菌的特异性条带,在DNA水平上其灵敏度达18fg/μL;引物C.IN1/C.IN2可扩增出1条218bp马铃薯环腐病菌的特异性条带,在细菌数上检测灵敏度为104 cfu/mL。混合这两对引物构建双重PCR反应体系,能从马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌的混合DNA及感染这两种菌的马铃薯植株中同时扩增到363bp和218bp的特异片段。实现了同时对马铃薯晚疫病菌和环腐病菌的快速可靠检测。     

绵羊肺炎支原体恒温热隔绝式PCR方法的建立

为建立绵羊肺炎支原体(Mo)感染疾病的现场便捷化诊断方法,本研究选择Mo高度保守区域tuf基因设计合成一对特异性引物和探针,建立了恒温热隔绝式PCR(iiPCR)方法并对其特异性、灵敏性进行评价。结果显示,建立的iiPCR方法仅对Mo的典型菌株和其临床分离菌株的DNA呈阳性结果,具有较强的特异性;对Mo基因组DNA的检出下限为24fg/μL,具有较高的敏感性。利用该方法检测临床样品,结果显示该方法可以从临床采集的羊鼻拭子及支气管拭子中检测出MoDNA,对扩增产物的测序表明检测结果具有较高的准确性。本研究建立的iiPCR方法为Mo的检测及其感染疾病的诊断提供了快速、便捷的技术手段。     

实时荧光定量PCR法检测对虾皮下和造血器官坏死病毒

应用实时荧光定量PCR最常用的TaqMan探针技术设计了探针和引物,并且用质粒技术构建了含有传染性皮下及造血器官坏死病毒(IHHNV)基因片段的阳性质控品,建立了检测IHHNVV的实时荧光定量PCR方法。对影响PCR的主要因素进行了优化,Mg2+浓度、引物和探针浓度、退火温度等均对扩增效率有明显影响。当Mg2+浓度为3.0-4.5mmol,退火温度为59～60℃时可获得最佳扩增效果。灵敏性试验表明该反应可检测体系中10拷贝的病毒核酸;该体系检测IHHNV具有很高特异性;对临床样品检测结果表明,该方法能快速、准确地检测样品中的IHHNV。     

Utility of diagnostic tests used in diagnosis of infection in dogs experimentally inoculated with a North American isolate of Leishmania infantum infantum

Eight female beagles were infected with 1 x 10(7) (low dose, LD) or 2 x 10(8) (high dose, HD) promastigotes of a North American isolate of Leishmania infantum infantum (LIVT-1 strain) isolated from naturally infected Virginia Foxhounds. Two female beagles served as negative controls and 2 male beagles chronically infected (> 3 years) with Leishmania infantum chagasi were positive controls. Bone marrow (BM) and lymph node (LN) aspirates were collected every 6-8 weeks for cytologic evaluation, parasite culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum samples were collected monthly for determination of serologic responses by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and diagnostic rK39 antigen. Cultures of BM and LN aspirates and cytology evaluation were consistently positive in positive control dogs during the course of study. Negative control dogs were negative on BM and LN cultures and on cytologic evaluation of aspirates. Amastigotes were present on cytological examination of BM aspirates in 2 experimentally infected dogs. Cultures of LN aspirates were positive on 22 samples, whereas BM cultures were positive on 12 samples for all dogs. IFA titers ranged from 0 to 1 :400 in experimentally infected dogs during the course of the study. Recombinant K39 immunoassay tests were consistently positive in positive control dogs and in the HD dogs by approximately 8 weeks after infection. BM PCR products were identified more consistently in the HD dogs compared with the LD dogs. Kappa statistics indicated PCR correlated better with cultures and cytology than did IFAT or the rK39 immunoassay results in the experimentally infected dogs.     

Studies on amoebae and cysts associated with the isolation of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea in vitro

New evidence is presented to support the contention that the amoeba/cyst colonies isolated from surface-sterilized Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea -infected potato tubers and spore balls have a saprophytic phase but are contaminants and not S. subterranea. Amoebae isolated from infected tissues and spore balls formed colonies associated with bacteria on 1% water agar at 18°C and encysted after 5–7 days. These cysts were morphologically distinct from the resting spores of S. subterranea and were formed singly or in a layer, unlike the spore ball (cystosorus) of S. subterranea . Amoebae, cysts and mixtures of amoebae and cysts in primary, secondary and tertiary subcultures failed to infect tomato roots. PCR amplification of DNA from amoebae, cysts and spore balls using the S. subterranea -specific primer pair SsF/R generated a 434-bp product from S. subterranea spore balls only and not from amoebae or cysts. When an amoeba/cyst-specific primer pair AmF/R was designed and used for PCR amplification, a single 411-bp product was generated from DNA of amoebae and cysts, but not from DNA of S. subterranea spore balls. These results are discussed in relation to earlier reports claiming the successful isolation of S. subterranea and other plasmodiophorids in vitro .     

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

牦牛病毒性腹泻病PCR诊断方法的建立

采用阻断ELISA方法对来自天峻县的327份牦牛血清进行了牛BVDV特异性抗体的检测,共检出231份血清阳性,血清阳性率为70.64%。其中:在135份野牦牛血清中检出110份阳性血清,阳性率为81.48%;在192份家牦牛血清中检出阳性121份,阳性率为63.02%。从231份ELISA检测阳性血清中随机抽取了20份,采用RT-PCR方法进行检测,结果共检出18份样品为BVDV/MV RT-PCR阳性,阴性血清未扩增出E0基因,RT-PCR方法检测结果与ELISA方法符合率为90%。     

氘标记稻瘟酯的合成及其杀菌活性

氘标记农药作为探针或者内标在农药代谢、毒理研究或者农药残留分析中发挥着重要作用。由于动力学同位素效应,C-D键比C-H键更为稳定,因此氘标记农药可能具有更长的半衰期,以及对非靶标生物更小的毒性。稻瘟酯是一种对水稻恶苗病和稻瘟病有良好防治效果的农用杀菌剂。本项研究利用单电子转移还原氘化反应和氘标记中间体,成功合成了4个不同位点被选择性氘代的稻瘟酯,其中3个化合物未见文献报道,并对其进行了杀菌活性测试。离体杀菌活性测试结果显示,上述4种氘代稻瘟酯对水稻稻瘟病菌和水稻恶苗病菌均具有良好的生物活性,与未被标记的稻瘟酯无显著差异。氘标记稻瘟酯未来可作为代谢、毒理研究的探针及农药残留分析中的内标。