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71.
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The biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via free-living and attached micro-organisms in soil/water systems was observed in order to examine the variability in the community dynamics and physiological profiles of the micro-organisms. As determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the Domain Bacteria, consisting of three phyla α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria, reached 41.27–56.05% of all organisms in the soil/water system for PAH biodegradation. Among the free-living species, Proteobacteria, including Brevundimonas (Pseudomonas) diminuta, Caulobacter spp., Mycoplana bullata, Acidovorax spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be dominant—making up 93.51–99.80% of the population—and therefore seem to be associated with PAH biodegradation. Total plate count numbers and the count of Pseudomonas sp. present in the free-living population increased to between 103 and 106 CFU ml−1 when clay with very low organic matter content was used as the matrix for PAH degradation. However, total plate count microbial numbers increased to only 101–102 CFU ml−1 using natural soil from Taichung containing 1.883% organic matter. The soil organic content (SOM) seemed to affect the mass transfer of PAH in soil, leading to the difference in PAH biodegradation. Two different approaches, which included community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) and ectoenzymatic activities, were used to explain the functional diversity between free-living and attached bacteria. The free-living and attached bacterial communities from the clay system showed proportionately greater differences using CLPP. Relatively high levels of esterases, aminopeptidases and some specific glycolysis-gluconeogenesis enzymes gave an identifiable correlation with PAH biodegradation. The differences in bacterial composition, numbers and physiological characteristics show that free-living and attached micro-organisms may play different biochemical roles in PAH degradation in soil. 相似文献
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【目的】探明花后持续遮光15 d对香稻产量、品质和香气特征物质2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的影响.【方法】以常规香稻品种玉香油占和农香18为材料,进行大田对比试验,设置花后持续遮光15 d处理和正常光照处理,测定了香稻产量、品质和2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量等指标.【结果和结论】与正常光照处理相比,花后持续遮光15 d显著提高了籽粒2-AP含量和蛋白质含量,但千粒质量、结实率和产量以及整精米率均显著降低.花后持续遮光15d可以提高香稻香气但会降低产量,对稻米其他品质性状的影响因品种而异. 相似文献
75.
香稻香气特征化合物2–乙酰基–1–吡咯啉测定方法的建立 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了一种利用顶空固相微萃取–气相色谱法(HS–SPME–GC)检测香稻香味特征化合物2–乙酰基–1–吡咯啉(2–acetyl–1–Pyrroline,2–AP)的方法。在合成2–AP标准物质的基础上,通过正交试验得到最佳萃取条件为萃取温度60℃、萃取时间45 min。在最佳萃取条件下,该检测方法的线性范围为0.5~4.0μg/g,相对标准偏差≤8.54%,回收率为96.3%~103.5%,检出限为0.045 5μg/g,定量限为0.152μg/g。利用该方法测定6种不同香稻大米2–AP的含量,结果表明,该方法能有效地检测香米的2–AP含量。 相似文献
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在优化卷烟烟气试样前处理技术的基础上,采用毛细管气相色谱分离一质谱检测一选择离子监测模式方法(GC/MS SIM)建立了一种同时测定卷烟烟气中15种多环芳烃的分析方法.各多环芳烃在20~1000μg/L范围内有线性关系,且苯并[k]荧蒽的最低检测限达到0.32μg/L,远低于文献值.并利用该方法对国产卷烟样品进行了分析. 相似文献
78.
Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The insecticidal activities of essential oil extracts from leaves, flowers and roots of aromatic plants against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forskal were determined. Extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were the most toxic, followed by those of Ferula hermonis Boiss, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, Pinus pinea L, Laurus nobilis L and Eucalyptus spp with LC50 values of 24.5, 44.0, 60.0, 75.0, 117.0 and 120.0 mg litre(-1), respectively. Combination tests between the LC50 and the maximum sub-lethal concentration (MSLC) were determined. Over 20 major components were identified in extracts from each plant species tested. Five essential oils and nine pure components were studied for their repellency against mosquito bites. Terpineol and 1,8-cineole were the most effective against Culex pipiens molestus bites offering complete protection for 1.6 and 2 h, respectively. 相似文献
79.
80.
与今天所用的生物能源相比,新一代的生物能源将会是成本较低,能量较高并且多样化。但是要达到这些目标将面临着许多挑战。目前,世界上许多优秀的科学家和工程师正在不断地创造新的技术突破。笔者用自己的研究作为例子描述了一些新的挑战和解决方法。然而对有关生物能源的经济、政策和法律的研究还相对落后。 相似文献