农村污染缓流水体的修复研究

农村缓流水体是维系乡村生态平衡的重要组成部分, 水质污染已成为国内乡村缓流水体普遍现状。讨论了农村缓流水体的污染成因，并以水生植物大漂为水体修复主体，进行了大漂的水体修复特性的试验，讨论了在可控条件下用大漂对缓流污染水体进行修复治理的植物修复技术及大漂在水体修复中可能带来的生态风险及其防范。     

浙江省农村水污染成因与防治对策探讨

浙江省地表水受污染的影响因素多,城镇生活污水和工业废水排放及农村面源污染均造成了较严重的水环境污染。为此,对浙江省农村水污染治理对策进行了探索,旨在通过加强农村生态环境建设、发展污水重复利用等措施改善农村水生生态环境,为经济的可持续发展提供保障。     

GIS在城市污染信息系统中的应用

随着社会经济的迅速发展,城市的环境污染日趋严重,迫切需要实时、准确、大范围、可靠地获取环境参数的现状和动态变化数据。为此,提出了以GIS为主要软件,开发平台建立城市污染信息系统,并确立了系统的结构与功能、系统的数据库、系统的应用等。城市污染信息系统将为城市环境的管理提供高效、科学的信息支持,从而提高管理水平。     

用鱼肌核酸指示水体污染的初步研究

选择了4种家鱼作指示生物，用紫外分光光度法测定其白肌中RNA和DNA的含量。结果表明：同种鱼，污染区的RNA含量显著低于对照区，白鲢和鳊鱼白肌中RNA／DNA低于对照区；不同种的鱼，污染区鱼肌核酸比对照区下降的程度有鳊鱼＞白鲢＞鲫鱼和鲤鱼的趋势。鱼肌核酸下降同水体重金属污染有一定联系，RNA是比RNA／DNA更合适的指标，鳊鱼和白鲢是比鲫鱼和鲤鱼更敏感的指示生物。     

太湖流域殷村港沉积物中营养元素及重金属污染特征研究

2012年8月沿殷村港共采集17个样点表层沉积物样品,分析了其中的营养元素及重金属含量。结果表明:殷村港沉积物中TN、TP和TOC含量均值分别为2.11、1.56、27.75 g·kg^-1,沉积物中TOC与TN环境行为近似,说明TN的沉积与有机物的沉积相伴随;C/N及营养元素评价表明殷村港外源污染输入显著,有机氮污染严重;地累积指数评价显示殷村港Cu污染水平处于"中-强"污染等级,其次是Pb及Zn处于中度污染,Cr及Ni基本属于无污染状态。     

Heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of selected aquatic sediments from the Berlin area

Sediments from the Berlin area were analysed for heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. the sedimentological and hydrogeological aspects of the Holocene sediments are discussed and an adapted sampling device for muds with a high water content is described. the contamination of surface sediments and dated cores is shown back in the 19th century; the hydrological influences on the degree of contamination and potential threats to groundwater and, via remobilisation, to surface waters are considered. It is concluded that the sediments of the Berlin area are highly contaminated.     

Soil and sediment contamination by persistent organic pollutants in the Moravian and Slovakian parts of the danube catchment area and some Bohemian sites in the elbe catchment area

Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, HCBs and p, p'-DDE were determined in soil and sediment samples from selected sites in Czecho-Slovakia. for the first three groups of chemicals soil pollution in Czecho-Slovakia is very high. in general, The pollution is higher in the Elbe than in the Danube catchment sediments.     

Potential chemical time bombs in the schelde estuary

The Schelde estuary is heavily polluted with many different (micro)pollutants. This results in high concentrations in the abiotic and biotic compartments of the Schelde estuary and in various effects. the present day suboxic and anoxic conditions in the upper estuary are probably responsible for the high distribution coefficients for some trace metals in the lower Schelde estuary (Western Schelde). a future reduction in discharges with a high biological oxygen demand will therefore not only result in higher oxygen concentrations, but probably also in lower distribution coefficients for trace metals in the Western Schelde. Simulations show that lower trace metal distribution coefficients will probably result in higher concentrations of dissolved (bioavailable) trace metals, even with substantially reduced discharge rates, due to the desorption of trace metals from resuspended bottom sediments.     

蔬菜重金属污染现状、污染来源及防治措施

论述了蔬菜重金属的污染现状和污染来源,结合土壤重金属的污染特点、污染来源和当前的研究结果,提出了蔬菜重金属污染的防治措施.     

硅对水稻生长的影响及其缓解镉毒害机理研究进展

为研发高效硅肥和防治农田镉污染提供借鉴资料,本文综述了施加硅肥对水稻生长发育的影响,包括提高水稻产量和品质,增强抗倒伏、抗病虫害及干旱等逆境的能力,尤其是增强抗镉毒害等能力。并从生理学机制和土壤学机制两方面重点分析阐述了施加硅肥对缓解镉毒害作用的可能机理。生理学机制方面,硅通过参与水稻的生理代谢活动,使水稻抗氧化系统酶的活性和清除自由基的能力增强;抑制镉的吸收及其在水稻体内的运输;硅与镉在水稻体内的螯合和区隔作用. 土壤学机制方面,硅肥改变土壤理化性质,降低土壤中有效态镉的含量;硅镉吸附沉淀作用,减少水稻对镉吸收。最后针对硅肥的开发利用及技术推广提出展望。