我国西部农村发展的内源性跨越新解——基于回乡“创业经济”的另类思维

做大做强农民工回乡"创业经济"是劳务经济发展的本源,它对西部农村社会发展能起到"治本"作用,即有助于西部农村经济、社会、人与自然关系的协调发展,以及西部"人"自身全面发展。调查发现,西部地区农民工返乡创业中面临着缺资金、缺项目、缺环境、缺信息等难题,且在创业实践中还存在倾向"单干"、模仿跟风、依赖思想、规模小、技术化程度不高、资源型创业等特殊性现象需重视。解决这些问题亟需完善相关体制机制,主要是对返乡农民工予以立体式创业培训,加大金融支持,强化政策扶持,加强创业组织建设等。     

西方国家碳税收入使用政策比较及其启示

碳税收入使用政策是西方国家碳税制度设计的一项重要内容,其主要基于税收中性原则,将税收收入或投资于环保节能项目,或以税式支出方式降低纳税人负担,确保碳税收入的循环,实现节能减排的目标。在我国碳税制度设计的构想中,应借鉴西方国家税制经验,结合本国现实情况,科学合理地设计碳税收入使用政策,确保碳税调节功能的充分发挥,将碳税发展成培育战略性新兴产业的重要政策工具之一。     

Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and water. Agriculture Green Development (AGD) requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity, high resource use efficiency and low environmental risk. This paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation, advice provision, voluntarism and targeted incentives. The public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource, but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.     

Land degradation,stocking rates and conservation policies in the communal rangelands of Botswana and Zimbabwe

Communal rangeland management policies in Botswana and Zimbabwe are based on incorrect technical assumptions about the stability of semiarid rangeland, the nature of rangeland degradation, and the benefits of destocking. Consequently, inappropriate policies, stressing the need to destock and stabilise the rangelands, are pursued. Acknowledgement of the great instability but intrinsic resilience of rangeland would encourage the Governments to more favourably regard the opportunistic stocking strategies of the agro-pastoralists of the Communal Areas. However, degradation of rangelands is occurring, although at varying rates. This justifies the promotion of a ‘tracking strategy’, in which livestock densities are encouraged to follow, more closely that at present, variations in rainfall. The establishment of grazing territories controlled by specific ‘communities’ may be a prerequisite for the promotion of the tracking strategy, and for communal rangeland management and improvement. However, the establishment of such territories must take into account social equity, institutional problems and transaction costs, as well as spatial and temporal variation in rangeland resources.     

BUILDING CLIMATE-RESILIENT FOOD SYSTEMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA: VULNERABILITIES,RESPONSES AND FINANCING

Food system resilience to climate change is uniquely imperative for bringing Sustainable Development Goals within reach and leaving no one behind. Food systems in East and Southeast Asia are interacting with planetary boundaries and are adversely affected by extreme weather-related events. A practical question for East and Southeast Asian stakeholders is how to foster climateresilient food systems in the face of lingering food system vulnerabilities and policy gaps. This paper reviews food syste...     

关于完善渔业油价补助政策的探讨

从对国内外渔业油价补助政策的实践来看,该政策对于稳定渔业生产发展有着重要作用。通过会议座谈、重点调查和问卷调查等方法对我国现行渔业油价补助政策进行了调研分析,认为我国渔业油价补助方法不够科学合理,不仅与现行渔业政策不协调,还暴露出实际操作比较困难、支撑渔业油价补助发放的配套制度不够健全等问题。结合我国渔业产业实际,建议应调整完善海洋捕捞业和水产养殖业的油价补贴办法、统一细化全国渔业柴油补贴扣减政策、完善渔船管理和渔政执法管理相关制度等,提高渔业油价补助决策的科学性和民主性。     

黑龙江省大豆产业发展的方向与策略

黑龙江省发展优质大豆产业化生产,具备天时、地利、人和的有利条件,建设优质大豆产业化生产基地、发展大豆经济,在发展方向上要抓住“一个为主、三个面向”,在发展策略上要抓住“三张王牌”和“两个一起抓”,在具体措施上要发挥“两个优势”、建设“两个基地”、实现“两个改变”、做到“两个加强”。     

云和县茶叶产业考察报告

本报告全面综述了云和县茶叶产业发展现状和发展优势,并从云和茶叶产量、茶叶品质、品牌战略、产业管理和相关政策等五个方面,深入分析了云和茶产业发展中存在的主要问题以及相应的解决措施,为推进云和茶产业健康、快速发展提供指导。     

基于倾向值匹配方法的土地督察制度的耕地保护效应研究

[目的]评估土地督察对耕地保护的效果以及解决样本选择带来的内生性问题,进一步完善土地督察制度提供理论支持。[方法]收集1999—2008年的省级面板数据,基于倾向值匹配分析估计土地督察的耕地保护效果。[结果](1)通过匹配变量的平衡性检验,最终采用了内核匹配方法。运用内核匹配法进行匹配估算,专项督察每年减少建设占用耕地面积8 037.489hm~2,例行督察每年减少建设占用耕地面积62 741.880hm~2。(2)专项督查地区的选择并非随机产生的,由此产生了样本选择偏误,即由于样本选择产生的内生性问题,采用倾向值匹配方法能够更为准确地估算专项督查的耕地保护效果。(3)例行督察对地区的选择相对专项督查而言,随机性更强,督察也更为全面,因此样本选择偏误也较小。以被督察地区面积比重表达政策变量方式估计得到的例行督查耕地保护效果要比倾向值匹配方法估计得到的结果更为可靠。[结论]例行督察的耕地保护效果较好。在土地政策评估中,需要考虑政策及其对象的相互关系的不同,以此考虑政策效果评估方法的选择。     

影响农村信息传播的主要因素及政策调整

农村信息传播受多种因素的影响，主要有农村社会经济发展水平、农业产业化水平、通信基础设施条件、信息产品形式和供给来源等等，同时还受到政府行政体系和政策取向的影响。在我国现行的行政体系中，建议加强制定政府导向、市场推进、企业主体、资源整合、减少重复浪费的相关政策，破除条块分割、建立统一的行政管理机制，更科学、更有效地推进农村信息传播体系建设。