现代农业发展中的农户行为研究

农户是我国当前农业生产经营的主体经济组织,其行为特征很大程度中代表了农业现代化发展水平.农户行为对现代农业发展的影响包括:农户的认可或接受意愿决定了农业政策能否落实,农户的决策及投入行为决定了农业结构调整和农业科技进步,农户的认识和经营模式决定了农业生态状况.农户行为研究一般按照"确定研究主题、划定调查对象、收集农户信息、分析资料数据"的步骤和方法依次展开.由于农户决策对农业发展的重要性,农业行为特征的特殊性,因此为推动现代农业发展,要对农户行为开展深入分析和进行正确引导.     

Creating space for sustainable food systems: Lessons from the field

In response to growing trendsin the current food system toward globalintegration, economic consolidation, andenvironmental degradation, communities haveinitiated alternative, more sustainable foodand agricultural systems. Lessons may now belearned about the development and maintenanceof local, sustainable food systems projects –those that attempt to integrate theenvironmental, economic, and social health oftheir food systems in particular places. Fourkinds of space need to be created and protected– social space, political space, intellectualspace, and economic space. Three importantthemes emerge from these community spaces:public participation, new partnerships, and acommitment to social, economic, andenvironmental justice principles.     

On the ethics of biological control of insect pests

Of the four types of biological control, (1) natural, (2) conservation, (3) augmentation, and (4) importation), ethical concerns have been raised almost exclusively about only one type: importation. These concerns rest largely on fears of extinction of animal species. Importation biological control is a cost-effective alternative to chemical control for basic food crops of resource-poor farmers. Regarding the other types of biological control, natural biological control is not consciously manipulated by humans. Augmentation has some technical concerns, but is generally an environmentally-sound, viable alternative to chemicals and offers local employment. Conservation can help empower farmers to preserve native species, while saving labor and money and reducing chemical insecticides.     

意大利农业政策研究及启示

在考察意大利农业政策的基础上,分析了意大利特色的农业政策及对其农业发展的影响。在此基础上,结合我国国情和农业发展的实际需求,提出了我国在新农村建设和城乡统筹中支持"三农"发展的政策性设想和建议。     

农民增收的政策与制度探讨

从理论上讲 ,农民增收是一个社会分配问题 ,但从其实质上是一个政策和制度问题。因为制度和政策导向规定了在一定历史时期内的利益分配趋向。因此 ,研究农民增收问题 ,必须从政策和制度的角度加以分析。拟从政策和制度等方面对农民增收问题作一些探讨 ,从而为增加农民收入提供一些有益的建议     

我国土地荒漠化危害·成因及其防治对策

我国是全球荒漠化面积较大、分布较广、危害较为严重的国家之一,土地荒漠化呈现分布广泛、成因复杂多变、类型多样、发展迅速、危害严重等特点。近年来,虽然采取了一系列行之有效的防治措施,使荒漠化和沙化扩延趋势得到初步遏制,但整体形势依然十分严峻。笔者论述了我国土地荒漠化危害、成因及其防治对策。     

Japan's green resources: Forest conservation and social values

Modern and historical Japanese societies are and were quite comfortable with a nature defined, designed, and dominated by humans. While contemporary Japanese are concerned about the environment, especially about non-timber (green) forest resources, conservation organizations are generally small and locally focused. Public forests, accounting for 40 percent of all Japan's forests, are intensively managed. At the national level, the timber program is operating below cost and there is increasing emphasis on non-timber management and rural economic development. A professional elite largely determines forest management goals and cultural barriers minimize broad public participation. Increasingly aware of the environmental impacts of their industrial society at home and abroad, the Japanese are becoming more environmentally concerned. Government agencies are especially proactive in enhancing environmental understanding among Japanese citizens and in sharing their resource management expertise with other Pacific Rim nations.     

基于CGE模型的政策模拟系统的研究

针对目前政策模拟分析系统缺乏的问题,提出利用计算机技术将CGE模型、DSS、数据仓库、数据转换等集成在一个模拟系统中:采用Visual C .net开发模拟分析系统的人机交互界面和问题处理系统;GAMS IDE完成CGE模型生成和求解系统;数据仓库采用SQL Server 2000设计并实现,构造了政策模拟原型系统。在所设计的模拟系统上,以农业补贴政策模拟为例,通过情景分析法进行实证模拟分析。结果表明:模拟集成系统初步实现了CGE建模、模拟计算、系统维护及人机交互的功能。该模拟系统能够解决实际政策模拟问题,辅助决策者进行政策制定。     

企业化经营农户、准农业企业和农业企业——农业企业系列研究之二

文章论述了企业化经营农户、准农业企业和农业企业的概念,研究了三者的发展路径,分析了其理论和实践意义,我们认为应大力发展企业化经营农户,促进企业化经营农户向准农业企业、准农业企业向农业企业转变,扩大农业企业群;大力发展准企业农户和企业农户,促进"企业 农户"经营模式向"企业 企业"经营模式的转变。最后提出重点扶持企业化经营农户和准农业企业发展、实行有别于工商企业的农业企业新政策、正确调整企业与农户的关系等建议。     

关于资源节约与环境友好“两型”园艺产业生产体系的探讨

园艺产业是我国的一项传统产业,其中蔬菜和水果是仅次于粮食的重要种植作物。但是果蔬等园艺产品对资源和环境的要求更高,因此发展资源节约与环境友好的两型园艺产业也是中国农业可持续发展中的一个重要主题。本文从我国两型园艺产业发展面临问题入手,构建了涵盖生产组织系统、生产控制系统、市场供需系统等七大系统的一个较为完整的园艺产业生产体系,并对发展两型园艺产业提出了相关政策建议