Land Degradation Control Policies and Practices in Canada and Its Implications to China

Land degradation is one of the significant environmental problems in both China and Canada, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of national economy and society of both countries.This paper introduced some policies, regulations and department coordination mechanisms of land resource management,restoration/ rehabilitation of degraded land,forest resources management,agricultural environmental protection and mineral area land reclamation in Canada.Some practices,experiences and effects in land degradation control of Canada were listed and analyzed.Finally,it was suggested that the successful experiences of Canada in technology,policy and management for land degradation control should be learned for improving efficiency of land degradation in China’s western region.     

“三线林”管理与建设探讨

以福建省尤溪县为例,探讨"三线林"的区划界定及采伐管理制度所引发的林业投资与经营管理的问题,提出对"三线林"采取融资优惠政策、建立投资保障机制及提供其他林业政策支持等解决对策,探讨化解林业生态建设与林业经济建设矛盾的方法与途径。     

农区林业实践对我国退耕还林工程的启示

相对于我国退耕还林工程,农区林业的优势在于:经营模式多样,农民经营风险低,行为自主性较强,为农村剩余劳动力(特别是妇女)提供更多就业机会,政府干预较少。我国退耕还林工程应该学习农区林业的成功经验,从政策上做出调整,建立促使农民积极参与的激励机制,并减少政府的直接干预,以降低政策成本。     

The influence of regulatory forest policy tools on biodiversity measures for forests in Ukraine

The transition from a state-oriented forest economy to a market-oriented one requires a critical analysis of the set of tools designed to implement state forest policies. One of the important goals of Ukrainian forest policy is conservation of the biodiversity of forest ecosystems. This paper analyzes the influence of two of the regulatory forest policy instruments (zoning and prohibition of final harvesting) on the diversity of woody vegetation using Tobit regression. Data on the forest resources of the Sumy administrative province in Ukraine are used for the analysis. Additionally, we look at how diversity of woody vegetation is affected by the form of forest tenure.     

一种高效多串口扩展方法

很多单片机应用系统常需用到多个串口，但常用的51单片机只有一个串口，而双串口单片机价格较高。本文介绍了一种基于STl6C554、CPLD的高效多串口扩展方法，采用软硬件结合，实现4个串口中断源共用单片机的一个中断，解决了51单片机中断资源有限的问题，降低了系统成本。ST16C554工作在FIFO模式，采用中断方式收发数据，并有16字节的硬件接收发送缓冲区，降低了CPU的开销。     

森林生态资产资本化运营研究综述与展望

森林生态资产资本化运营是利用市场手段保护森林资源、改善生态环境,直接或间接创造收益的经济运作过程,对于实现森林可持续经营具有重要意义。文中在界定森林生态资产资本化运营概念的基础上,从运营要素、生态补偿机制与政策工具3个视角梳理了森林生态资产资本化运营的相关文献,并对现存的问题和未来发展方向进行探讨;最后提出相关建议:重视森林生态资本由谁来运营以及运营环境和目标等方面的要素作用,调动社会资本并实施与全民参与激励相容的市场化补偿机制,实行分类补偿并探索小尺度的森林生态补偿标准与评估方法,提高政府监督管理力度并合理利用金融政策工具。     

基于层次分析法的碳汇林经营风险评价

为获得碳汇收益与达成应对气候变化的目标,对碳汇林经营进行风险识别与管理具有重要的实践价值。通过实地调研与文献分析,发现碳汇林在经营过程中面临着自然风险、人为风险、政策风险与市场风险四大类风险。利用专家评分与层次分析法进一步对碳汇林面临的风险进行识别与评估,通过构造判断矩阵并利用MATLAB R2013b 进行分析,结果表明碳汇林经营中最主要的风险来自于政策风险（0.51）和市场风险（0.31）。对18 种具体风险因素进行综合总权重评估计算的结果表明,碳排放权交易政策（0.245）、碳市场价格（0.202）与森林碳汇交易政策（0.133）是对碳汇林经营影响最大的3 种风险因素。     

娄底市休闲农业产业升级的途径与建议

指出了当今社会发展迅速,生活节奏加快,给都市人群带来了身体和精神上的双重压力,对于田园生活的渴求日益迫切。在这种情况下,休闲农业这个巨大的商机涌现了,这个新型产业不但有广大的市场支撑,而且也不缺相关的政策支持。但只有不断进行产业升级,完善产业升级的动力机制,制定合理完整的政策保障,才能取得长足发展。为此,提出了娄底市休闲农业产业升级的途径与建议,以供参考。     

Bioeconomy – an emerging meta-discourse affecting forest discourses?

The term bioeconomy and closely related notions like bio-based economy or knowledge-based bioeconomy (KBBE) are increasingly used by scientists and politicians in the last years. It does therefore have the potential of becoming an influential global discourse. Its role is however so far unclear. The general assumption that guides this paper is that discourses, resulting ideas and arguments are generally said to have performative power. They shape actors' views, influence their behaviour, impact on their beliefs and interests and can cause institutional change in a given society. Thus, the aim of this paper is twofold: first, it aims to analyse whether the ideas used in a bioeconomy discourse differs from those in other global meta-discourses of the last decades affecting forest discourses, such as the ecological modernization discourse or the sustainable development discourse. Second, this paper aims to analyse whether and how the bioeconomy discourse has started (or not) to reshape or overshadow the “classical” forest discourses, such as sustainable forest management, forest biodiversity or forest and climate change.     

欧洲木质颗粒燃料产业发展现状与启示

欧洲是全球木质颗粒燃料产业发达地区.文中介绍欧洲木质颗粒燃料市场总体情况、生产特征、消费特征和价格体系, 分析其为规范和引导发展木质颗粒燃料产业而在原料收集、燃料燃烧、能源服务等3个环节采取的政策措施, 从统筹环境保护与经济发展角度提出对我国发展木质颗粒燃料产业的启示.