环形泰勒焦虫对奶牛免疫水平的影响

本试验选择5头感染环形泰勒焦虫的奶牛和5头健康奶牛,在第0天、第5天、第10天、第15天、第20天分别进行红细胞C3b受体花环率试验、红细胞免疫复合物花环试验、T淋巴细胞EA花环率试验和淋巴细胞转化率的测定。结果表明,感染环形泰勒焦虫的奶牛其红细胞免疫复合物花环、红细胞C3b受体花环率和淋巴细胞转化率明显低于健康奶牛,差异极显著。这说明环形泰勒焦虫对奶牛的免疫水平有明显的抑制作用。且随着检测时间的变化,免疫水平逐渐降低。     

一定免疫程序下猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病抗体水平合格率分析

猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病一直危害着我国的养猪业，为提高猪群对这两病的抵抗力，减少经济损失，浙江加华种猪有限公司通过抗体水平检测及合格率分析，确定了本场猪瘟、猪伪狂犬病科学、合理的免疫接种程序。     

流式细胞仪快速检测鸭茅与多花黑麦草染色体倍性的研究

以鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata）和多花黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）不同倍性的种质为材料,对流式细胞仪测定牧草多倍体的技术方法和结果进行评价,旨在利用流式细胞仪技术快速确定供试牧草的染色体倍性。采用根尖染色体计数法确定鸭茅‘北绿’品种和多花黑麦草‘Mammoth B’品种为四倍体,以这两个品种的相对核DNA含量和核内DNA复制的平均周期值作为参照,经流式细胞仪检测表明,鸭茅‘早生绿’品种和PI316209种质材料为四倍体,种质PI237602和PI368880为二倍体,PI316209种质的倍性与种质背景信息所提供的倍性存在差异;多花黑麦草‘Musashi’品种为四倍体,‘Tachimasari’和‘Wasehope Ⅲ’两个品种为二倍体。研究结果为流式细胞仪如何在同一物种范围内检测不同倍性样品提供了依据。     

添加甲酸对白花草木樨青贮品质的影响

在收获后经过0、8和30h晾晒的初花期草木樨(干物质含量分别为27.36%、38.69%和44.98%)原料中,加入甲酸(添加量为2.5、4.0和5.5ml/kg)进行青贮。结果表明,添加甲酸能使草木樨青贮料氨态氮含量降低,并保存较多的可溶性糖;添加甲酸4.0ml/kg对三个干物质水平草木樨青贮均有良好效果,但以干物质含量27.36%组效果最好。     

不同营养水平日粮对陕北白绒山羊生长性能和小肠组织SLC7A7、SLC3A1及SLC15A1 mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮营养水平对断奶后2~6月龄陕北白绒山羊生长性能及小肠组织中与氨基酸转运吸收相关的SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1 mRNA表达的影响。选取健康、日龄（（60±1.60）d）和体重（（10.73±1.03）kg）相近的雌性陕北白绒山羊羔羊36只,随机分为4组,分别饲喂4种试验日粮,其消化能和粗蛋白质水平分别为标准日粮的85%、100%、115%和130%。标准日粮营养水平参考肉羊饲养标准NY/T816-2004,依据生长阶段（10~19 kg、15~27 kg）和目标增重设置。试验期间,分别于120和180日龄称重,于180日龄,每个重复屠宰1只试验羊,采集十二指肠中上部、空肠中段、回肠末端组织样品,通过实时荧光定量PCR检测SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1表达水平。结果表明：1）第一阶段（60~120 d）115%水平组平均日增重显著高于其他三组（P<0.05）,第二阶段（121~180 d）115%水平组平均日增重显著高于85%和100%水平组（P<0.05）,与130%水平组无明显差异。两阶段115%水平组羔羊干物质采食量极显著高于其他3组（P<0.01）。两阶段料重比115%水平组显著低于85%、100%水平组（P<0.05）。2）相同营养水平下,SLC7A7和SLC15A1 mRNA的表达丰度顺序均为回肠>空肠>十二指肠;3）随日粮营养水平的增加,SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1 mRNA在小肠各段的相对表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,且115%水平组表达量最高。115%水平组SLC7A7和SLC15A1 mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他3组（P<0.05）;115%水平组SLC3A1 mRNA的相对表达量显著高于85%和130%水平组组（P<0.05）。本试验条件下,与其他营养水平组相比,115%水平组陕北白绒山羊羔羊在2~6月龄生长性能最佳,SLC7A7、SLC3A1和SLC15A1 mRNA在小肠各段的表达量最高。     

日粮营养水平对奶牛乳蛋白合成的影响及其作用机理的研究进展

乳蛋白作为乳中重要的组成成分,含有人体所需的几乎所有必需氨基酸。然而,奶牛乳蛋白的合成受很多因素影响,如日粮组成、遗传因素、饲养环境等,但具体影响机制尚不明确。因此,研究乳蛋白合成机理,结合营养调控措施提高其在乳中的含量,成为目前研究的热点和重点。作者就目前日粮营养水平对奶牛乳蛋白合成的影响及其作用机理的研究进行了综述。     

The effects of potato pulp and feeding level of supplements on digestibility, in situ forage degradation and ruminal fermentation in beef steers

Six ruminally cannulated Wagyu (Japanese Black) steers (average initial bodyweight (BW) 387 ± 29 kg) were used in a split‐plot design experiment, comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole plot treatments were three different feeding levels of supplemental diet, fed at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% of BW, on a dry matter (DM) basis. Subplot treatments were two different supplemental diets: a potato pulp silage‐based diet (PPS) and a grain‐based diet (GRAIN). Chopped, medium‐quality cool‐season grass hay (predominately Timothy, Phleum pratense L) was fed daily at 0.7% BW (on a DM basis) as the basal diet. Each period consisted of 21 d, which included 11 d of adaptation to the diets and 10 d of the collection period. Chromium oxide was used as an indigestible marker. In situ forage degradation was measured using the nylon bag technique. The dry matter intake increased (linear; P < 0.01) as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Digestibility was not affected by any treatments. The GRAIN diet tended to decrease the rate of in situ forage degradation as the feeding level increased, but this trend was not found in the steers fed the PPS diet. Steers fed the GRAIN diet had a lower (P < 0.1) ruminal pH compared with steers fed the PPS diet. Ruminal pH was not significantly affected by feeding level; however, it was numerically higher for steers supplemented at 0.2% per BW than that for the steers supplemented above 0.4% per BW due probably to the higher starch intake. The total volatile fatty acids concentration numerically increased as the feeding level increased and was not affected by the diet. Increasing the feeding level decreased (linear, P < 0.01) the proportion of acetate. Neither diet nor the feeding level had any effects on the proportion of ruminal propionate. The results suggested that, for steers fed the PPS diet, there are not adverse effects on forage digestion in the rumen that occur as the feeding level is increased.     

日粮蛋白质水平对生长期闽南黄牛氮代谢的影响

选用9头14月龄闽南黄牛公牛,按重复3×3拉丁方设计,进行了氮平衡试验。研究了日粮蛋白质水平对氮消化与沉积规律及血液某些相关指标的影响。结果表明:随着蛋白质水平的提高,氮的进食量显著增加;氮的表观消化率、氮沉积量也显著增加(P<0.01)。氮的表观消化率(％)=43.26+0.58X,(r=0.9412,n=9);沉积氮(g/d)=1.86+0.37X,(r=0.9216,n=9)。     

烯效唑(S3307)对湖南稷子整株水平Na+、K+选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的影响

采用盆栽试验,观察测定了烯效唑(S3307)对湖南稷子抗盐性及整株水平Na 、K 选择性和游离脯氨酸分配的影响。结果表明,喷施S3307能显著提高湖南稷子根系的Na 、K 选择性吸收能力;由叶鞘向叶片、特别是由根系向叶鞘的选择性运输能力大大提高,因而进入植物体内的Na 减少、K 增多,尤以重要光合器官表现突出。但S3307处理后,湖南稷子重要光合器官中游离脯氨酸含量并未升高。     

Effects of Cage Location and Tier Level with Respect to Light Intensity in Semiconfined Housing on Egg Production and Quality During the Late Laying Period

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of cage location and tier level with respect to light intensity on egg production and egg quality of hens housed in a semiconfined facility. Hens (ISA Brown, n = 225) at 75 wk of age were placed into 3-tier cages as top (T), middle (M), and bottom (B) tiers located in cages illuminated artificially (EI), by window (FW), or between corridors (C) for 2 mo. Light intensity was measured monthly for each cage at 5 cm from feeders every 6 h. Egg production was recorded daily and egg quality was assessed biweekly. Light intensity was the greatest for cages in the FW group (151.9, 119.8, and 89.8 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), followed by EI (52.6, 54.5, and 51.0 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively), and C (44.5, 23.4, and 4.7 lx for tiers T, M, and B, respectively). Hens at location EI had greater egg production than hens at FW and C. Egg production for hens at tier T was also greater than for hens at tiers M and B. Egg production for hens at EI and C decreased quadratically, whereas that for hens at FW decreased linearly from tiers T to B. Cage location, but not tier level, affected egg weight. Hens at EI and FW produced heavier eggs than hens at C. Shape index, yolk color, and yolk index were independent of cage location and tier level. Hens at EI and FW produced eggs with thinner and weaker shells than hens at C. Moreover, eggshell strength increased linearly from tier T to B. Both albumen index and Haugh unit were the greatest for hens at FW, followed by EI and C. Their responses to cage location varied with tier levels. In conclusion, variation in light intensity in multitier cage systems in semiconfined laying hen houses may be a contributing factor for depressed laying performance and egg quality.