冰草属植物组织培养再生体系的建立

以适宜西北地区种植的优质牧草冰草属(AgropyronGaertn)中的三个不同种———蒙古冰草新品系(A.mongolicumKeng)、航道冰草(A.cristatumcv.Fairway)、诺丹冰草(A.desertorumcv.Nordan)和一个种间杂种冰草———蒙农杂种冰草(A.cristatum×A.desertorumcv.Mengnong)为材料,分别以幼穗为外植体建立了冰草组织培养再生体系。诱导愈伤组织的培养基为改良MS+2,4 D2.0mg/L,分化培养基为MS(无附加成分),在1/2MS培养基上生根后得到完整小植株。结果表明在本试验条件下,不同长度的幼穗在培养时,其愈伤组织发生的部位及其增殖速度不同;4种材料愈伤组织诱导率和分化率无明显差异,均可有效诱导愈伤组织并分化成再生植株,再生植株的产生主要通过直接器官发生途径。     

水稻愈伤组织再分化培养方法的优化

在水稻愈伤组织再分化培养基中添加不同浓度配比的6-BA、iP、NAA三种植物生长调节物质,组成34种不同的幼苗分化培养基,对水稻愈伤组织进行再分化培养。结果表明：（1）培养基中添加2mg／L 6-BA＋2mg／L iP＋0.2mg／LNAA有利于水稻愈伤组织形成绿点;（2）采用三步分化法,对于已分化出绿点的水稻愈伤组织,能明显提高成苗率。     

Efficient In Vitro Shoot-regeneration Systems in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Two different protocols for in vitro regeneration of cassava using zygotic embryos and nodal axillary meristems have been developed. In both cases, buds were regenerated directly from excised explants without an intervening callus phase after a two-step culture procedure. In cotyledonary explants derived from zygotic embryos, prolific shoot formation occurred within 2—3 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.5—5 mg/1 BAP alone or in combination with 0.1 mg/1 NAA. Nodal explants with axillary meristems derived from aseptically grown seedlings or stem cuttings were used to initiate a round compact bulb-like structure on MS medium containing 10 mg/1 BAP. These latter structures, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 NAA, 1 mg/1 BAP and 0.1 mg/1 GA₃, produced multiple shoots. Somatic embryos isolated at the globular/torpedo stage from zygotic embryo explants were also capable of multiple shoot production on medium with 1 mg/1 BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots exceeded 95 % in phytohormone-free MS medium. No change in their ploidy levels was observed. Therefore, the protocols developed should be of use in the particle gun and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of cassava.     

陆地棉体细胞胚的白化与植株再生的关系

通过对棉花体细胞胚胎发育过程的观察发现，其发育的四个时期即球形期，心形期，鱼雷期和子叶期均有白化现象。成熟期的白色叶胚比绿色子叶胚在成苗培养基上生长快，且形成再生植株的频率高。     

生物技术在柑橘砧木上的应用

本文概述了当前国内外柑橘砧木生物技术尤其是基因工程技术和体细胞杂交技术在柑橘砧木种质改良和品种选育的研究现状与进展,可为我国柑橘砧木资源的研究与开发利用提供参考。基因工程在柑橘育种中的应用起步较晚,但近年来发展迅速,通过运用农杆菌介导法、附体腋芽转化－离体扩繁鉴定法、DNA直接导入法等基因工程技术对培育新型抗性柑橘砧木品种取得了一定的成果;在体细胞杂种的运用方面,通过原生质体融合,获得了大量具优良性状的杂种体细胞,并建立了多个抗病杂交后代群。目前,柑橘砧木生物技术的研究方兴未艾,现代生物技术在柑橘砧木资源多样性研究与种质改良方面仍是今后的主攻方向。     

大蕉幼雄花易碎胚性愈伤组织长期继代培养及其植株再生

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4～5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上长期增殖。这些继代培养了6年多的松软易碎的胚性愈伤组织转移到含有0.2 mg/L 6-BA的分化培养基中,可诱导出芽,得到了53株再生植株,这些再生植株可进一步扩大繁殖。组织学切片证明长期继代培养的愈伤组织维持了胚性的状态。     

电液负载敏感负载口独立多模式切换控制能效研究

针对传统电液控制系统单一工作模式能耗高、效率低等问题,提出了一种负载口独立多模式切换控制系统。该系统基于负载口独立控制,通过改变传统液压回路连接方式,为系统拓展多种节能工作模式并设计了多模式切换控制器。该控制器首先根据负载方向和速度方向,将系统切换至能量最优的工作模式;然后再根据工作模式为执行器进、出口配置最佳阀控策略,而泵控方式采用电液负载敏感方法使系统压力适应负载压力。为验证该系统在出口压力损失和能量再生两方面的节能效果,以传统电液负载敏感系统为对比对象,在小型挖掘机上进行了实验验证,并评估能效。实验结果证明,与传统电液负载敏感系统相比,采用负载口独立多模式切换控制方法在不降低运动跟踪性能的同时,能有效提高系统的能量效率,节能率达21.95%。     

Improved micropropagation protocol and enhancement in biomass and chlorophyll content in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Bertoni by using high copper levels in the culture medium

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO₄·5H₂O in MS medium [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with 240 tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 μM) and IAA (2.8 μM). When the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 μM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 μM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass and chlorophyll content at increased (0.5 μM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoot bud number per explant.     

Rapid seedlings regeneration from seeds and vegetative propagation with sucker and rhizome of Eremospatha macrocarpa (Mann & Wendl.) Wendl and Laccosperma secundiflorum (P. Beauv.) Kuntze

To develop efficient seedling production methods for Laccosperma secundiflorum and Eremospatha macrocarpa, a study was conducted to examine regeneration using offsets combined with several physical and chemical treatments of seeds. Offsets categorized into small, medium and large diameters, were planted in three conditions: shaded and open nursery, and greenhouse. We tested sucker from E. macrocarpa, and sucker and rhizome from L. secundiflorum. For both species, high viability percentage (ranging from 55% to 100%) were observed for small and medium suckers planted in shaded nursery and greenhouse, against less than 49% for sucker planted in open nursery. The mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 84, 77 and 75 days after planting (DAP) for small, medium and large sucker of L. secundiflorum, respectively under open nursery condition, and 76, 75, 95 DAP for small, medium and large suckers of the same species, respectively in shaded condition. Greenhouse has a significant positive effect on E. macrocarpa seedlings emergence time. For this species, the mean seedling emergence times were estimated to 43 DAP for small sucker and 76, 93 DAP for medium and large suckers. No seedling was obtained from rhizome planted in all the growing conditions tested. Concerning seed dormancy breaking, germination percentages and rates were determined for 13 treatments. The best treatments were pre-soaking unscarified seeds for 4 days in 1.01 g l⁻¹ and 0.10 g l⁻¹ KNO₃, with 79% and 68% of germination, respectively and in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ GA₃ for 68% of germination. These methods are suggested to improve germination of L. secundiflorum seeds. Successful and recommended methods for E. macrocarpa are pre-soaking scarified seeds in 3.46 × 10⁻³ g l⁻¹ and 3.46 × 10⁻⁴ g l⁻¹ GA₃, 96% and 94% of germination, respectively. Dormancy, probably a combination of mechanical and chemical dormancy, is present in the two species.     

Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.