Callus induction and plant regeneration from lateral shoots of herbaceous bamboo Mniochloa abersend

Callus induction and plant regeneration of Mniochloa abersend via lateral shoots were conducted in this study. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.0 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was effective for compact callus induction. Remarkably, calli on the MS medium with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D yielded the highest folds of proliferation (8.01), and showed a high potential capacity to differentiate 1 year after subculture. In addition, the compact calli possessed 100% differentiation rate and generated more shoots that were green and strong in 1.0 mg/L kinetin and 1.0 mg/L NAA. Vigorous roots were generated in the 1/2MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid, and the resultant plantlets exhibited 90% survival rate after they were hardened and transplanted. The established regeneration system of M. abersend provides a promising platform for bamboo gene function study.     

Somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of five multipurpose cassava landraces extensively integrated in African cropping system

Successful development and adoption of transgenic cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in Africa depend on in vitro regeneration of landraces because of their agronomic value and amenability to genetic modification. The study investigated somatic embryogenesis from axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explant and regeneration via shoot organogenesis in five cassava landraces. Landraces exhibited significant (P < 0.05) differences in frequencies of primary somatic embryo production, number of embryos per explant, and frequency of secondary embryos. The frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 7.8 to 14.5%, whereas the number of embryos per explant varied from 5.3 to 10.6. However, only frequency of primary somatic embryos and number of embryos per explant showed significant (P < 0.05) differences when immature leaf lobe was used as explant. The frequency of primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 42.7 to 49.2%, whereas number of embryos per immature leaf-lobe explant varied from 9.5 to 15.2 per explant. Secondary embryogenesis was cultivar-independent in the case of immature leaf-lobe explant. Cyclic and green (mature) embryogenesis showed no significant (P < 0.05) landrace differences in both axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explants. Shoot regeneration from cotyledon of somatic embryos had significant (P < 0.05) landrace differences. The mean shoot-bud formation frequency of axillary bud and immature leaf-lobe explants was 51.4% and 37.2%, respectively. Root formation was efficient, with greater than 70% of shoots forming root in all landraces. Similarly, landrace differences were detected for the survival of acclimatized regenerated plants, with a mean of 94.7% for both explants. In conclusion, somatic embryos were produced from immature leaf and axillary bud explants of the landraces and the embryos were converted to plantlets via shoot organogenesis.     

上海半自然森林更新苗物种组成与多样性研究

城市半自然森林具有独特的群落结构和生物多样性特征,研究城市化影响的半自然森林更新特征,可以为城市生物多样性保育与地带性植被恢复重建提供借鉴。文章以上海辰山残存半自然森林1 hm^2固定监测样地为对象,调查分析半自然森林更新苗的物种组成特征。结果表明:1 hm^2样地更新苗共5 937株,分属22科32属37种,其中上海自然分布的乡土种占57.89%,明显高于城市人工林的乡土树种比例;香樟、构树、天竺桂、朴树和小蜡等5种更新苗占总数的57.2%,聚集性分布格局明显;在11个植被群落类型中,各类型更新苗的丰富度普遍较高,不同树种的更新苗存活和发育潜力存在差异。     

不同高粱自交系幼胚组织培养及植株再生

以7份高粱自交系幼胚为外植体,研究了不同基因型对组织培养的反应和植株再生的差异。结果表明:不同高粱基因型间愈伤组织诱导率没有明显差异,但胚性愈伤组织百分率、不定芽分化率以及再生频率有明显差异。其中YN336A、YN267R、YN510R和YN338A的再生效果较好,其不定芽发生率、不定根发生率及移栽成活率分别为64.4%-72.8%,76.2%-100.0%和36.3%-80.0%。对只生根不生芽的基因型,加入1-2 mg/L KT有明显抑制生根、促进生芽的效应。     

基于14C同化物运转和分配对黄柏剥皮的再生机理

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2+CO2法对2年生黄柏进行半株标记,在主干上环状剥去韧皮部,以塑料薄膜包裹,燃烧法制样、液体闪烁测量法测14C活度。结果表明,未剥皮黄柏韧皮部的14C同化物运输速率为52.0cm/h,3h左右同化物从树冠运输到根系,树冠不同部位的功能叶14C同化物分配为:中部功能叶>上部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮后,同化物分配规律改变为:上部功能叶>中部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮第15天在新生韧皮部、剥口下方的树皮及根系中检测到14C同化物,表明新生韧皮部的生理功能得到恢复。     

植物生长调节剂在植物体细胞胚发生中的应用

合理应用植物生长调节剂是成功诱导体细胞胚的决定因素,也是影响体细胞胚高频率发生的主要因素。本文从生长素类、细胞分裂素类、赤霉素、脱落酸以及各类植物生长调节剂间组合使用等几个方面综述了外源植物生长调节剂在体细胞胚发生中的应用进展,为植物体细胞胚的诱导提供了一定的参考价值。     

加工番茄子叶和下胚轴离体植株再生的研究

以加工番茄BO 2和BO 4无菌苗的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,以M S为基本培养基,研究了不同浓度的ZT,6-BA与不同浓度的IAA组合对外植体芽诱导的影响。结果表明,在不同浓度的ZT和IAA组合中,对2个番茄品种的子叶和下胚轴外植体芽诱导均以M S+1.0 m g/L ZT+0.05 m g/L IAA培养基为最好,BO 2品种子叶和下胚轴的出芽率分别为32.7%和24.5%,BO 4品种的分别为37.3%和28.2%;在不同浓度的6-BA和IAA组合中,诱导BO 2外植体出芽率最高的培养基是M S+2.0 m g/L 6-BA+0.2 m g/L IAA,子叶和下胚轴的出芽率分别为27.3%和14.5%;诱导BO 4品种子叶和下胚轴出芽率最高的培养基分别为M S+1.0 m g/L 6-BA+0.2 m g/LIAA和M S+2.0 m g/L 6-BA+0.2 m g/L IAA,子叶和下胚轴的出芽率均为28.2%;在M S+0.1 m g/L IAA培养基上,加工番茄BO 2再生芽1周左右就能长出根,形成完整的小植株。     

苹果转基因研究进展

近年来,苹果遗传转化研究取得了较大的进展,已有多种标记基因和目的基因成功转入苹果中并且得到稳定表达和遗传。农杆菌介导法是苹果上应用的主要转化方法,叶片再生不定芽途径是被广泛应用的受体系统。影响农杆菌介导成功与否的因素很多,文章从转化方法、叶片再生能力、菌株类型以及农杆菌侵染条件等方面综述了目前有关研究成果,指出目前依然存在转化效率不高、外源基因表达强度不够、对转化植株的选择不够重视等诸多问题。     

不同激素对甘薯胚性细胞悬浮系植株再生的影响

以甘薯品种济薯21和徐薯18的茎尖为材料,采用不同激素配比,对甘薯胚性愈伤组织的诱导及高效植株再生进行了研究。结果表明,济薯21和徐薯18较适宜的茎尖胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基分别为MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+2.2 g/L KC l+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D和MS+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D;济薯21胚性细胞团在MS+1.0 mg/L ABA+1.0 mg/L GA3培养基上植株再生率最高,达到96%,徐薯18胚性细胞团在MS+1.0 mg/LABA培养基上的植株再生率最高,达到91%。     

辅酶Q10产生菌的原生质体制备与再生条件研究

【目的】选用辅酶Q10产生菌深红红螺菌和根癌土壤杆菌为出发菌株,系统研究其原生质体制备和再生条件,为辅酶Q10的工业化生产提供技术支持。【方法】从菌龄、溶菌酶质量浓度、酶解时间、酶解温度、高渗溶液的选择等,对深红红螺菌和根癌土壤杆菌2株菌进行了原生质体制备和再生条件的研究。【结果】①根癌土壤杆菌原生质体制备和再生的适宜条件为:菌龄13.5 h,高渗溶液为0.8 mol/L NaCl,溶菌酶质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL,酶解时间75 min,酶解温度35℃;②深红红螺菌原生质体制备和再生的适宜条件为:菌龄45 h,高渗溶液为0.5 mol/L蔗糖+0.02 mol/L的MgCl2.6H2O,溶菌酶质量浓度为3 mg/L,酶解时间60 min,酶解温度37℃。【结论】得到了根癌土壤杆菌AT-N10和深红红螺菌Rh1.5005适宜的原生质体制备和再生条件。