基于信息公理的车间布局问题评价方法

车间布局评价问题属于典型多属性决策问题.为了使信息公理更适合于解决多属性决策问题,通过增加满意度项改进了原有的信息量计算方法.属性值被划分为精确型、不确定型和模糊型,同时针对效益性、成本性、定值性和区间性属性给出了这三种数值类型的信息量的计算办法.改进后的信息量同时反映系统的成功概率以及决策者满意程度,并能够对包含多种数值类型的多属性决策问题进行评价.最后,作为实例,对焊接装配车间的布局方案进行了评价,结果验证了所改进的信息公理对于解决多属性决策问题的可行性和有效性.     

四川攀西胡颓子属植物资源调查研究

2005～2011年在攀枝花市16个县市对胡颓子属植物资源进行了野外实地调查、采集标本、室内解剖观察、种类鉴定,并结合查阅标本室内的植物标本和相关资料进行了研究。结果表明:攀西地区有胡颓子属植物10种、1个亚种和1个变种,主要生长在海拔750～3 100m的范围内,广泛分布于攀枝花和凉山州各县、市。在野外调查的基础上,研究了攀西地区胡颓子属植物资源的种类、形态、生境、分布和综合利用价值,并为开发利用及保护提出了建议。     

桦南县野生经济植物及其开发利用探讨

文章就桦南县的野生经济植物的分类、用途、蕴藏量及开发利用和保护管理等方面进行了分析研究,为林区野生经济植物及其开发利用提出了建议。     

杉木茎尖诱导愈伤组织及植株再生研究

用杉木优良单株基部萌蘖条茎尖作为外植体进行组培快繁试验，结果表明：愈伤组织在改良MS＋KT0．2mg／L＋2，4-D1．0mg／L培养基上，外植体诱导率为86．7％；不定芽分化与增殖培养基为改良MS＋KT1．0mg／L＋IBA0．5mg／L，分化系数达3．42；芽苗培育约30d后，用1／2MS＋IBA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L作生根培养基培养约25d，生根率可达93％以上。生根苗移植到覆盖3cm厚黄心土的苗床上栽培，成活率可达90％以上。     

菌根真菌与植物激素相互作用研究进展

菌根真菌生长及其与植物共生过程中可直接合成或诱导植物产生多种激素类物质,如生长素(auxin)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GA)、乙烯(ET)、脱落酸(ABA)、水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)等,这些物质除了调节植物自身生长发育、控制植物形态建成和生理代谢外,还能在菌根真菌与植物相互识别、菌根形成、诱导植物抗逆性等方面发挥作用。本文总结了菌根真菌对植物激素种类、形态和含量的影响,以及植物激素对菌根真菌生长发育、侵染、产孢和功能的影响。旨在为进一步研究菌根真菌与植物激素相互作用关系、探索菌根真菌生理代谢特点提供依据。     

Development of an international standard set of barley differential genotypes for Pyrenophora teres f. teres

International comparison of virulence profiles of Pyrenophora teres f . teres (Ptt), the cause of barley net blotch, is seriously restricted by inconsistencies in differential testers used among researchers. This paper reports an attempt to develop an appropriate set of differentials to standardize characterization of Ptt populations globally. Fourteen barley genotypes (Canadian Lake Shore (CLS), Harbin, c-8755, c-20019, Manchurian, Tifang, CI 9825, CI 5791, CI 9819, Beecher, CI 9214, Skiff, Prior and Corvette) were selected from among genotypes previously used as Ptt differentials. Three cultivars (Pirkka, Haruna Nijo and Harrington) were included to identify a universally susceptible control. Genotypes were inoculated with approximately 1000 Ptt isolates from Russia, Europe, Australia and Canada. The mean reaction frequency of genotypes ranged from highly resistant (CI 9819, CI 5791, c-8755 and CI 9825) to highly susceptible (Harrington, Haruna Nijo and Pirkka). The best differential abilities were demonstrated by Harbin, CLS, c-20019, Manchurian and Prior. Application of cluster analyses identified genotypes with similar reaction patterns, which supported a reduction of genotypes in the set. When combined with an algorithm comparing the ability of individual genotypes to discriminate among Ptt isolates, a further reduction of genotypes was justified. A new, concise set of barley genotypes for differentiating virulences in Ptt was formulated. It is proposed that these genotypes be adopted as the standard, international differential set to characterize and identify the virulence properties of Ptt populations across environments. The new Ptt differential set consists of the genotypes c-8755, c-20019, CI 5791, CI 9825, CLS, Harbin, Prior, Skiff and Harrington.     

Seed viability determination in parasitic broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche) using fluorescein diacetate staining

Fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was investigated as a potential viability stain for seeds of holoparasitic broomrapes Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae), using four weedy and two non-weedy taxa. FDA viabilities were compared with the currently used 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, and in vitro germination induced by the strigolactone analogue GR-24. Viable FDA-stained seeds were characterised by bright yellow–green fluorescence under 450–490 nm blue light. These viable seeds could be discriminated from non-viable seeds, in which low levels of fluorescence, similar to non-stained control seeds were observed. FDA viabilities were not significantly different from those obtained using the TTC stain; however, viability values for both stains were consistently higher than levels of artificially induced germination. Positive TTC-staining showed continuous variation that was difficult to interpret. Nevertheless, the TTC test does not involve grinding seeds, and therefore probably remains a practical alternative to FDA for screening soil samples contaminated with Orobanche and Phelipanche seeds, which indicates different applications for the two viability tests. Interestingly, the strigolactone analogue GR-24 only induced germination in O. crenata , P. ramosa and O. minor , suggesting a high specificity towards this germination inducer among the species investigated. We suggest that FDA-staining provides a potential alternative to the currently used TTC test for seed viability assays for Orobanche and Phelipanche , and other parasitic weeds which are an obstacle to crop cultivation.     

Morphogenetic Effects of Different Mineral N-compounds on Roots of Maize (Zea mays L.), Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and Broad Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Plants of maize ( Zea mays L.), spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and broad bean ( Vicia faba L.) were raised in tubes filled with a soil-sand mixture and supplied with nutrient solution. The nutrient supply was varied with regard to concentration and typ of compound of "N". Due to the relatively high concentrations of "N", dry matter of shoots and roots was reduced in comparison to the control; root morphology was affected in terms of root length and root thickness. The N-compounds, used in the experiment, exerted quantitatively different influences on dry matter production and root morphology, NH₄NO₃ being the N-form which had the weakest detrimental effects. There was no specific response to NH⁺₄ or NO⁻₃ but a strong influence could be shown for NH₄Cl and N_aNO₃. Probably not only the concentration of "N" and the form of "N" have a specific influence, but also the cations and anions associated with the N-containing ion are effective.     

高黎贡山自然保护区野生动植物资源现状及保护

在介绍高黎贡山国家自然保护区野生动植物资源现状的基础上，提出了保护野生动植物资源的对策。     

升金湖消落带植被特征及与土壤特性的关系

探讨湖泊湿地土壤特性对植物多样性的影响,对于理解湿地植被分布及功能的维持机制具有重要意义.在安徽升金湖消落带沿水位梯度设立研究样方,测定植物的盖度、地上生物量以及土壤含水量、有机碳、全氮、全磷等指标,并结合Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)探讨了土壤特性对植物多样性的影响.结果表明,随着地下水位上升,土壤含水量与全氮含量显著增加(P<0.05),土壤有机碳和土壤全磷含量显著降低(P<0.05).土壤有机碳、全磷含量以及C?N与土壤含水量极显著负相关(P<0.001),土壤全氮、N?P以及C?P与土壤含水量极显著正相关(P<0.001).土壤含水量、土壤全氮含量以及C?P和N?P是影响消落带植被物种多样性变化的关键因子,共同解释了变化的91.85％.总之,土壤含水量可以直接影响消落带植物多样性,也可以通过改变土壤中氮元素的转化和磷元素的有效性间接影响物种多样性.