植物脱落酸信号转导途径的上游信使

脱落酸(ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,调节多种植物生理过程,并在植物应答逆境胁迫的信号转导中起重要作用。结构分子生物学分析发现,PYL蛋白具有结合ABA的活性中心。在非胁迫条件下,ABA水平较低,2C型蛋白磷酸酶(PP2C)与蔗糖非酵解型蛋白激酶2(SnRK2)结合,催化其去磷酸化而抑制其活性;在胁迫条件下,ABA水平升高,促进PYL与PP2C结合而抑制其磷酸酶活性,SnRK2靠自身磷酸化激活,又催化碱性亮氨酸拉链(b ZIP)、碱性螺旋-环-螺旋(b HLH)等类型转录因子,调控下游抗性相关基因的表达,也可由SnRK2直接催化下游抗性相关蛋白磷酸化。本文概述了在ABA胁迫下,PYL,PP2C和Sn PK2作用机制的相关研究进展,并建议将PYL、PP2C和SnRK2分别称做ABA信号转导途径的直接受体、第二信使和第三信使,建立玉米中复杂的脱落酸信号上淳传递网络。     

东北“三大硬阔”叶片和叶轴质量分配比较

以3个树种健康复叶为试材,研究了叶内光合构件和支撑构件的生物量投资的种内种间变化规律。结果表明:水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄檗叶轴质量占复叶质量的比例分别为0.18、0.26和0.17,胡桃楸显著大于其它2个树种。跨物种尺度上,复叶大的树种需要更多的叶内支撑结构投资。但物种水平上,水曲柳叶片投资随叶增大而增大,胡桃楸则降低,黄檗基本稳定,表现出与跨物种水平上的叶片投资随叶增大而降低的普遍规律不同。今后需要加深物种水平上叶内生物量分配的异速生长的了解。     

2005～2009年我国城市美化植物研究文献计量分析

以《中国期刊全文数据库》为数据源,运用文献计量学的原理和方法,对2005年—2009年国内城市美化植物研究专题文献进行统计分析,探讨这些文献的文献学特征（年代、期刊源和学科方向分布,研究机构特征,科学基金资助,以及合作度与合作率状况）用以明确城市美化植物科研领域的研究能力及今后的研究重点和方向。     

丽水市园林地被植物种类及造景探讨

结合丽水市园林绿地地被植物调查,对地被植物进行分类,并对地被植物在城市园林造景中的应用进行探讨。     

河北植物新记录——臭荠属(Coronopus Zinn)

报道了河北种子植物新记录属臭荠属(Coronopus Zinn)及新记录种臭荠[Coronopus didymus(L.)J.E.Smith]。     

Density responses and spatial distribution of cotton yield and yield components in jujube (Zizyphus jujube)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) agroforestry

Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m⁻² in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m⁻² (20.0 plants m⁻² corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m⁻²). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m² as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general.     

Effects of spent mushroom substrates and inorganic fertilizer on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey‐loam soil and lettuce production

We evaluated the effects of the addition of two types of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), SMS from an Agaricus bisporus crop (SMS1) and a mixture of SMSs from an A. bisporus crop and a Pleurotus crop (50% v/v each) (SMS2), on the characteristics of a calcareous clayey‐loam soil and the yield and nutritional status of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), relative to crops receiving mineral fertilizer (M) and a control (C) without amendment. The application of SMS, especially SMS1, improved soil fertility compared with C and M soils. Moreover, the use of these organic substrates as soil amendments did not harm the plants and gave yields similar to that obtained with mineral fertilizer. The nutritional contents of the lettuce plants were greater than or similar to those of the plants from treatment C or M, except for the plant tissue concentrations of K, Fe and Zn, which were significantly reduced by SMS application. However, this latter fact did not reduce the lettuce yield in the amended soils. Therefore, the use of SMSs as organic amendments contributes to residue utilization, in an environmentally friendly way, and to improved soil fertility and crop yield.     

彩叶植物在邯郸园林绿化中的应用

在园林绿化中,通过许多彩叶植物绚丽的色彩与绿叶植物的相互映衬,极大地丰富了城市的色彩;而且彩叶植物枝繁叶茂,易于形成大面积的群体景观。     

封闭型植物工厂发展现状与展望

经过多年探索和发展,封闭型植物工厂无论在材料、装置和技术都取得了快速进步,生产产量成数倍增长。在介绍发展封闭型植物工厂必要性的基础上,着重分析了封闭型植物工厂的发展现状、设施分类、栽培形式选择、栽培技术选择,最后指出了存在的问题,并对未来的封闭型植物工厂外部设施及其栽培技术进行了展望。     

光谱判断田间鲜烟叶成熟度的影响因子研究

利用便携式地物波谱仪Field Spec 3测量烤烟成熟期烟叶的反射光谱,针对采收成熟度M2、M3,分析比较同一时间不同测量位点、及同一位点不同测量时间的反射光谱差异。结果表明:反射光谱的差异在不同测量位点主要体现在350~780 nm可见光波段和780~1300 nm近红外波段,在不同测量时间主要体现在780~1300 nm近红外波段。因此,利用光谱仪判断鲜烟叶成熟度,受测量位点的影响较大,而受测量时间的影响较小,但若测量烟叶生理生化组分、厚度和水分等内在指标,时间及天气状况是必须考虑的重要因素。