Seedling emergence,coleoptile length,and plant height relationships in crosses of dwarf and standard-height wheats

Summary Seedling emergence was closely correlated with coleoptile length and plant height among parents, F₂ and F₃, populations of crosses involving dwarf wheats Olesen Dwarf (CI 14497), Norin 10 derivative D6301, Tom Thumb derivative D6899, and the standard-height varieties Ramona 50 and Nainari 60. Genetic mechanisms that governed plant height also influenced coleoptile length, but the relative effects of genes showing dominant or epistatic effects appeared to be different. With respect to the two parents involved in each of 15 crosses, mean F₂ coleoptile lengths were consistently closer to the low parent value than were corresponding mean F₂ plant heights. A slight curvilinear relationship was also found between coleoptile length and plant height of F₃ lines. The results suggest that selection of semidwarf wheats with long coleoptiles and improved emergence properties from crosses involving the dwarf wheats of this study would be unlikely.     

公路草坪养护管理技术初探

为保证草坪绿化质量 ,延长其寿命 ,结合近年来在公路草坪施工与养护管理中积累的实践经验 ,对公路草坪的种类、生长习性 ,以及草坪建植后的浇水、除杂草、修剪、施肥、病虫害防治等养护管理技术进行了探讨与总结 ,以期为各地公路草坪绿化建设提供借鉴与参考。     

Influence of race and post infection temperature on two components of partial resistance to wheat leaf rust in seedlings of wheat

Summary Components of partial resistance, infection frequency and latency period, were determined in 71 winter and spring wheat genotypes in the seedling stage, after infection with three races of leaf rust (Felix 3B, Clement B and Betuwe 85C) at three different day/night temperature regimes (24/18°C, 18/12°C and 12/6°C). The genotypes were split into two groups and two separate experiments were carried out. Five genotypes, SVP 84039, Akabozu, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso, conferred a low infection frequency and a long latency period and Westphal 12A a long latency period, indicating a relatively high level of partial resistance. The correlation coefficient between infection frequency and latency period was low. Race-specificity was not found. There was a significant temperature effect on the latency period. In the second experiment the temperature x genotype interaction was significant. Temperature-response functions of transformed data demonstrated that the latency periods of four relatively resistant genotypes, Westphal 12A, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso and of Sarno and Mirela were most sensitive to temperature. The range between the genotypes with the longest and the shortest latency period was highest at 12°C. Therefore, low temperature regimes are preferred to distinguish differences in level of partial resistance.     

植物衰老的分子机制及其调控

综述了植物衰老的意义和影响衰老的内部、外部因素 ,并从分子水平上探讨了植物衰老的机制及其遗传学调控     

植物黄酮在缓解奶牛热应激上的应用前景

奶牛是一种耐寒畏热的动物,当奶牛对环境温度的适应能力超过其阈值时就会产生热应激。热应激对奶牛的生产性能、抗氧化能力、免疫机制、内分泌和代谢产生不利影响,是阻碍奶牛业健康发展的一大问题。近年来,植物提取物作为一种兼具营养价值和保健价值的饲料添加剂被广泛应用。植物黄酮作为一种存在广泛的植物提取物,具有提高家畜生产性能和抗氧化能力、增强机体免疫力和抗炎能力、调节机体代谢等功效。因此,植物黄酮可以对症治疗奶牛热应激。本文将从热应激对奶牛生产性能、抗氧化能力、免疫机制、内分泌和代谢的影响以及近些年来将植物黄酮用于改善动物热应激的相关研究进行综述,以期为植物黄酮用于缓解奶牛热应激的深入研究提供理论支持。     

抗病虫基因新资源:海洋绿藻孔石莼凝集素基因

植物凝集素(Lecin)具有抵抗植物病原菌和农业害虫的活性以及抗病毒活性,在植物保护上具有广阔的应用前景。从海洋绿藻孔石莼中分离到一种凝集素基因序列,为培育抗病虫作物新品种提供了新资源。     

西北地区8种耐旱植物营养成分在秦川肉牛瘤胃的降解情况

本试验采集了西北地区8种耐旱植物(柠条、油蒿、桑叶、苦马豆、千屈菜、香豆子、元宝枫叶、无芒雀麦),选用4头体重相近的秦川牛肉用新品系瘤胃瘘管公牛进行试验,探究8种植物干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解特性。结果：常规营养成分：CP含量从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、千屈菜、油蒿、元宝枫叶、柠条、香豆子、桑叶、苦马豆(P<0.05);元宝枫叶与油蒿NDF、 ADF含量相近(P>0.05),其他植物均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。瘤胃降解特性：桑叶与苦马豆的DM降解效果显著高于其他6种植物(P<0.05),无芒雀麦48 h的 DM降解率仅29.56%,显著低于其他植物(P<0.05),油蒿、千屈菜、元宝枫叶48 h时DM降解情况差异不显著(P>0.05);CP的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、千屈菜、油蒿、柠条、香豆子、桑叶、苦马豆(P<0.05);NDF的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、油蒿、千屈菜、柠条、香豆子、苦马豆、桑叶(P<0.05),ADF的ED值从小到大依次为无芒雀麦、元宝枫叶、油蒿、千屈菜、苦马豆、香豆子、柠条、桑叶,其中柠条、苦马豆、香豆子和油蒿、元宝枫叶差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

草地早熟禾根际固氮菌的生物效能

利用乙炔还原法、比色法等对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)根际分离得到的21个固氮菌株进行固氮酶活性、溶磷能力和分泌植物生长素性能的研究测定,在固氮酶活性测定中,21个菌株还原C2H2产生的C2H4在39.9～227.5 nmol·mL-1·h-1,大于100 nmol·mL-1·h-1的有14株,占所分离固氮菌株的67%;菌株的溶磷强度在13.38～58.21 μg·mL-1,其中菌株N4 、N16及N20溶磷能力较强;菌株N2、N4、N5、N10、N14、N16、N17及N20具有较强的分泌植物生长激素的能力。     

樟科、丝兰属植物提取物对仔猪排泄物中氨和硫化氢散发的影响

研究旨在观察比较樟科植物提取物(CFPE)和丝兰植物提取物(YE)对仔猪生长性能、粪尿中氨和硫化氢散发的影响及其机理探讨。选用216头35日龄的杜长大仔猪,按照体重相近、公、母各半的原则分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复24头仔猪。CFPE试验组和YE试验组分别饲喂含350 mg/kg CFPE和125 mg/kg YE的基础日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验期为35 d。结果表明:CFPE和YE均显著影响仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和饲料增重比(F/G()P<0.05),CFPE组ADG高于YE组,F/G低于YE组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。CFPE和YE对脲酶活性影响极显著(P<0.01),CFPE组脲酶活性低于YE组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在粪尿排出后6 h时间点,CFPE和YE对尿素氮浓度有显著影响(P<0.05),从12 h时间点开始,影响达到极显著(P<0.01)。CFPE使氨态氮最高浓度出现时间点推迟,7 d时间点,CFPE、YE组的氨态氮浓度均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),CFPE组高于YE组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。除12 h和48 h时间点外,CFPE组、YE组的可溶性硫化物的浓度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),仔猪粪便发酵第4天和第8天产生的硫化氢平均值均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结果提示,饲料中添加CFPE和YE可通过减缓尿素氮分解和可溶性硫化物的产生,从而减少氨和硫化氢的散发;CFPE效果优于YE。     

Yield and morphological responses of a forage sorghum to mefluidide

Abstract

Due to rapid growth, stem build‐up in forage sorghum crops often leads to considerable wastage by animals and consequent loss of production. In this study the potential of the chemical plant growth regulator, mefluidide, for modifying the morphology of forage sorghum was examined. Mefluidide was applied to two consecutive plantings of forage sorghum at 0; 0,14 and 0,28 kg/ha. Treatment with mefluidide suppressed stem elongation of sorghum plants and stimulated tillering 4–6 weeks after application. After 6 weeks the stem:leaf ratio of treated plants was significantly lower (P ≤0,05) than that of control plants. On average, total dry matter (DM) yield was marginally higher for the control, but DM yield of leaf material was significantly higher. (P ≤0,05) for treated plots from 6 weeks after mefluidide application. No significant differences were observed between levels of mefluidide but responses of different variables over time differed between plantings. This was associated with different stages of plant growth when mefluidide was applied and different environmental conditions for two plantings.