风沙黄土区排土场不同恢复类型植物群落与土壤种子库特征

风沙黄土区排土场作为一种人造生态系统,自然条件恶劣,土壤贫瘠,植被恢复困难。为了探明有效的人工促进植被恢复措施,采用植被调查与种子库萌发试验相结合的方法,通过研究不同植被类型地上植物群落与土壤种子库特征及二者的关系,探讨了其植被恢复效益及潜力。结果表明:研究区人工植被恢复下地上植物群落中共47种植物,分属16科40属,土壤种子库共14种植物,分属5科13属,其中均以禾本科、菊科、藜科、豆科占主导地位; 灌木植被的地上植被和土壤种子库的物种多样性均表现为最优; 地上植被与土壤种子库密度的变化范围为88.48～495.47株/m²,74.74～1422.91粒/m²,且均在草地类型下最大。土壤种子库和地上植被的相似性普遍较低,相似性系数仅为0.16～0.23。因此,风沙黄土区排土场的植被恢复与重建需要加强保护与管理,可以考虑构建以草灌配置为主的人工植被恢复模式,保障群落的恢复潜力,并提高群落多样性与稳定性,亦可考虑引入外源种子库提升群落恢复的潜力。     

葡萄裂果病综合防治试验

为有效防治葡萄裂果病，以乍娜和巨峰为材料，进行了综合防治试验，结果表明，采用控制负载量，调整浇灌次数，土施多效唑、适时喷洒多年农化学药剂等以生态调控为主的综合技术，可以使葡萄裂果率降至１０－１２％以下，裂果后的腐烂率降至７￣８％以下，有效地控制了葡萄裂果病的发生和危害。     

关于水泥地面经常出现的几个问题的分析、处理与预防

本文对水泥地面经常出现的空鼓、不规则裂缝、起砂和麻面等问题原因进行了详细分析,并提 出了处理与预防措施。     

裂核对桃果实品质的影响及防止措施

以久保和京玉2品种桃果为试材,用2 a时间观测了果实裂核概况,总结了裂核原因和防治措施,并测定了成熟果实的主要品质指标.结果表明:调查区内桃裂核现象普遍,久保和京玉商品果平均2 a的裂核率达到了50%左右,而且裂核对果实的果形、色泽和糖酸含量等方面都有重要影响.     

Genetic control over grain damage in a spring barley mapping population

A genetic map was constructed using DNA‐based markers in a barley mapping population derived from the cross ‘Tankard’בLivet’, that was developed to explore the genetic control over grain damage in spring barley cultivars. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were located for husk skinning, gape between the lemma and palea and splitting of the fused pericarp/testa/aleurone tissues. The QTL accounted for 70% of the genetic variation in Split and 60% of the genetic variation in Gape and Skinning. The QTL were clustered on chromosomes 1H, 4H, 5H, 6H and 7H. QTL analysis indicates the possibility of transgressive segregation for grain splitting and so the breeding of lines with more extreme splitting. This is of concern to the malting industry as, without extensive phenotypic assessment, such lines could be commercialized, as was the case of Landlord, and put malting barley supplies at risk. These findings are discussed in relation to the genetic control over traits including grain length and width.     

Analysis on Foundation Pit Deformation of a Commercial Building in Hangzhou

The foundation pit deformation of a commercial building in Hangzhou is calculated by using calculation method related to foundation pit deformation. The calculation results by m method show that the maximum deformation is 29.2mm and the real maximum deformation is 174.6mm. The deformation character obtained by foundation coefficient method is different from the real deformation. There are lots of factors influencing foundation deformation. According to practical engineering condition, in this study, the influencing factors for soil parameters, bracing condition, condition for insertion of retaining wall into soil and construction speed are determined. The calculation method used is analyzed and modified. Finally, a useful and valid method for calculating foundation deformation is presented, by which the foundation pit deformation in practical project can be forecasted and analyzed.     

蓄水坑灌降雨径流的产汇流特性研究

蓄水坑灌法是一种具有水土保持作用的山丘区果林灌溉新方法。根据蓄水坑灌法田间工程的特点,分析了在蓄水坑灌条件下的产汇流特性;在此基础上对单棵果树控制面积内的径流过程、初损历时、径流量及径流系数进行了分析推导,建立了相应的计算模型,并以设计算例说明了计算模型的应用。此项研究对于在一定的水土流失防治标准下设计蓄水坑灌的田间工程具有重要的价值。     

不同规格鱼鳞坑坡面侵蚀过程及特征研究

探究不同雨强下鱼鳞坑措施的坡面侵蚀规律及特征,对进一步明晰该措施的径流泥沙调控机制具有重要意义。该研究采用小区模拟降雨试验,研究3种雨强(40,70和100 mm/h)条件下2种规格鱼鳞坑坡面的蓄水保土效益及侵蚀过程,并探讨鱼鳞坑坡面水沙特征及其与细沟形态之间的关系。结果表明,鱼鳞坑的径流泥沙调控作用明显但也存在阈值,在措施被冲垮前,各处理减流效益和减沙效益分别为66.02%~82.20%和85.77%~91.91%;平均径流强度和输沙速率分别为平整坡面的18.87%~33.21%和10.04%~15.38%;当鱼鳞坑被冲垮后,坡面产流量和产沙量分别为平整坡面的1.00~1.22倍和1.39~3.53倍,其平均径流强度和输沙速率分别为鱼鳞坑冲垮前的4.60~7.46倍和13.70~16.75倍。鱼鳞坑坡面径流含沙率在措施冲垮前后的差异较大,水沙关系线性拟合的斜率在措施被冲垮前为0.020和0.035,而冲垮后斜率为0.205和0.231,同时坡面总产沙量和峰值产流产沙量与细沟形态显著相关。因此,鱼鳞坑措施对坡面产流产沙特征及形态的影响在其调控阈值前后有较大差异。研究可为鱼鳞坑坡面水土流失的研究可为区域水土保持措施配置及管理提供相应的依据。     

土坝坝体防渗中劈裂灌浆技术的应用

文中阐述了土坝坝体劈裂灌浆防渗技术的机理、设计和施工要求，展现了该技术良好的推广价值。     

猪肺炎霉形体膜的制备试验

猪霉形体性肺炎是一种慢性传染病。其霉形体的毒性及免疫性都与膜浓度和膜蛋白有关。从培养菌中制备足够量的膜制剂是研究该致病原理、免疫机制以及基因表达调控的关键步骤。为此我们在Ｒａｚｉｎ的反复冻融裂解和低渗裂解两种破膜方法的基础上，提出了一种低渗与冻融相结合的新型破膜方法。并通过测定ＡＴＰ酶和已糖激酶活力以鉴定膜制剂的纯度。试验表明这种方法能提高膜的收获率，达到２８％左右。