海口地区的木材平衡含水率

海口地区的木材平衡含水率蔡则谟（中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所广州５１０５２０）关键词木材平衡含水率，海口研究各气候区的木材平衡含水率（Ｗｅ）对木材干燥有重要意义，自５０年代以来，华东、华北、东北、西南、西北及中南等地区的有关单位在这方面做了许多工...     

No “Gadgil effect”: Temperate tree roots and soil lithology are effective predictors of wood decomposition

The “Gadgil effect” hypothesizes that root associations may slow down decomposition through pre‐emptive competition. In the context of recalcitrant litter decomposition, specifically coarse wood debris, it is uncertain as to what is the relative importance of soil communities associated with living roots when compared to those without roots. Here, it is hypothesized that the presence of live roots and active photosynthates will enhance wood decomposition. To test this hypothesis, the presence or absence of temperate tree roots was used in this study. Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and white oak (Quercus alba) roots were manipulated at three sites of either limestone or shale parent rock residuum. At each site, wood substrate was placed in soils beneath the canopy of either A. saccharum or Q. alba, while in the presence of roots (root⁺). At the same time, wood substrate was placed in the same soil community, but live root exposure was eliminated by trenching (root^?). This eliminated active photosynthate supply to the soil microbial community. Results determined that live root exposure promoted faster decomposition and greater mycelial colonization of wood substrate. Also, sites of shale parent rock residuum had higher rates of decomposition in comparison with limestone parent rock residuum. Although additional work is needed to determine the extent in which roots and lithology can facilitate wood decomposition, these findings suggest that living roots impact decomposers and provide a pathway towards humus and soil organic matter formation.     

计划烧除对西双版纳保护区思茅松林的影响

对西双版纳自然保护区内思茅松林进行计划烧除的影响情况监测。分析认为,计划烧除对思茅松林的乔木层树种不会产生明显影响,影响较大的是灌木层和草本层植物。在计划烧除过程中,灌木层和草本层植物大部分被烧死,但草本植物在烧除后3个月内已大部分重新萌发,1a后基本达到了烧除前的水平,6个月后灌木树种已基本从死亡植株的基部重新萌发出新的植株。计划烧除对思茅松林不会造成长期的影响,同时由于烧除后郁闭度减小,有利于林下植物的生长和外部植物的进入,可适当增加物种多样性,但丛生的植株对植物的生长有一定的影响。     

木材干燥过程中声发射信号分析

对木材在干燥过程中产生的声发射信号进行采集和特征分析,结果表明:木材干燥过程中主要采集到两种不同类型的声发射信号:一种信号来自木材内部自由水的蒸发,与木质部导管内水分空穴化过程的声发射信号一致;另一种信号与木材干燥过快时自身形变开裂相关.作为一种木材干燥质量的控制方法,测量和分析声发射信号,可为木材干燥温度和湿度的控制提供依据,实现防止木材干裂、提高木材干燥质量的目的.     

声发射检测技术及其在木质材料无损检测中应用的展望

介绍了声发射检测技术的定义、原理和特点, 回顾了声发射技术的发展历史以及它在木质材料无损检测领域中的应用; 在此基础上提出声发射检测技术在木材科学与技术领域的应用前景。     

大豆重迎茬专用肥肥料效应试验

6个环保型大豆专用肥配方和2个药肥的田间试验结果表明，通过不同营养元素的合理搭配，能达到杀死孢囊线虫或有害真菌的效果。在重茬发病地块，大豆专用肥能够促进大豆的生长发育。其中，配方1、4、6效果较好，分别比对照增产375.2%、400.8%和383.6%；施用量以撒施450kg/hm^2为最好。     

Factors involved in Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer into Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco

Cotyledons from dissected sterile embryos of salgareño pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco) were inoculated with different disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harbouring the binary vector p35SGUSint. The transient expression of a β-glucuronidase gene (uidA) was studied, using a histochemical staining procedure. Nineteen days after inoculation, the activity of β-glucuronidase was detected in epidermal and subepidermal layers of cotyledonary explants. The EHA105 strain harbouring a disarmed agropine-type Ti-plasmid (pTiBO542) was the most effective for gene transfer of the uidA gene. The effects of exudates and extracts from 0-day-old embryos on induction of vir gene expression in A. tumefaciens were also examined. The results of this study showed that salgarño pine embryo exudates contain a substance(s) that induce vir gene expression, in similar way to that observed with 100 μM acetosyringone (AS).All these findings suggest that T-DNA processing and transfer might take place when Agrobacterium infects suitable tissues of salgareño pine.     

10年生黑杨派无性系材性径向遗传变异分析与综合评价

目的 研究黑杨派无性系材性性状遗传变异,并进行综合评价,为其工业用材林定向培育和木材利用提供理论依据。 方法 对河南省焦作8个黑杨派无性系试验林选取10年生样木（每个无性系5株）进行材性性状（解剖特性、物理性能、化学组成）测定,对18个材性性状进行遗传变异分析和遗传参数估算,并采用主成分分析法对无性系进行综合评价。 结果 除半纤维素外,其他17个材性性状在不同无性系间均差异极显著。18个材性性状的无性系重复力为0.49～0.93,其中,全干密度、基本密度、综纤维素、径向-细胞直径和径向-细胞腔径的重复力达0.8以上。无性系材性性状表型变异系数均大于遗传变异系数,经主成分分析评选出中林46杨为主成分综合分值最高的无性系。 结论 8个黑杨派无性系在18个材性性状上差异显著,并受较强的遗传控制,具备遗传改良的条件。无性系重复力存在径向差异,随着年轮的增大,物理性能变化幅度最小,全干密度和基本密度相对稳定。     

速生杉木为基材的水曲柳薄木贴面初步研究

以速生杉木为基材，水曲柳薄木为贴面材料，用脲醛树脂粘剂（UF）和聚醋酸乙烯醋乳液胶（PVAc）按一定比例混合后作为胶粘剂，热压贴面胶合，对温度和时间与巾面效果的关系进行了研究。结果表明：①用UF与PVAC比例混合的胶粘剂，在生杉木上进行水曲柳薄木贴面是可行的；②热压温度和时间对贴面效果的影响都是极显著的，并得到了一种较理想的薄木贴面热压工艺。     

三种速生杨木材物理力学性质的比较研究

测试、分析比较了不同树龄3种速生杨木材的物理力学性质,结果表明:①树种对物理力学性能有较大的影响,三倍体圆叶毛白杨的物理力学性能最好,三倍体裂叶毛白杨次之,中林-46最差;方差分析表明,3种杨树的主要物理力学性质均达到显著和极显著差异。②树龄对物理力学性质的影响不大,随着树龄的增长,不同杨树木材的密度已趋于稳定,但力学性能有上升的趋势;方差分析表明,抗截切强度和抗弯强度受树龄影响较大,差异达到显著水平,其他性质无显著差异。