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161.
162.
畜禽废水胁迫对芦苇叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
采用自然条件模拟实验,以两种浓度畜禽废水(高浓度畜禽废水原水和经一倍稀释的中浓度畜禽废水)胁迫湿地植物芦苇,研究其对芦苇叶绿素含量及其抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,高浓度畜禽废水较中浓度畜禽废水对芦苇的影响更大。两种浓度畜禽废水胁迫均促使芦苇叶绿素含量下降、叶绿素a/b值上升、CAT活性下降、POD活性急速下降后逐渐上升,到处理末期时与对照基本相同、SOD活性明显上升。说明畜禽废水胁迫对芦苇的影响较小,芦苇在畜禽废水胁迫下具有较强的抗逆性和耐受性.如果将其运用于我国集约化畜禽养殖业废水的处理,将极大地缓解我国畜禽养殖业发展与环境污染之间的矛盾。 相似文献
163.
In many nurseries in the Mediterranean area irrigation water supply is a major problem due to climatic conditions, and it is important to evaluate alternative water resources, such as treated wastewater, for ornamental plant production. For this reason, a nursery study was conducted in order to determine: (1) the effect of irrigation with a saline reclaimed wastewater (reused water) on the growth and visual quality of Lantana camara and Polygala myrtifolia, and (2) the effectiveness of the mixing the same water with canal water to reduce any negative effects observed with the reused water. Potted plants were irrigated with reused water, canal water and reused water diluted 50% with canal water. The results suggest that polygala can be irrigated with reused water since visual damage is minimal and growth reduction very slight, which seems to be related with the plant's low accumulation of saline ions. In lantana, reused water led to an excessive uptake of chloride, sodium and boron in the leaves, which was associated with defoliation, leaf burn, leaf chlorosis and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, diminishing both growth and its aesthetic value. The dilution of reused water alleviated some negative effects in lantana, but not sufficiently to avoid a significant loss of plant quality. 相似文献
164.
Simone Palma Favaro Yardlei Carlos AlbaAnderson Dias Vieira de Souza Antonio Camilo Arguelho ViannaAntonia Railda Roel 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics and the post-harvest loss of mass of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Verônica that was grown in a protective environment with applications of biopesticides. The curly lettuce was treated by spraying with neem oil, cassava flour wastewater (manipueira), biofertiliser or the control treatment of deltamethrin. We determined the weight, circumference, dry matter, ash, crude protein, total phenols and minerals profile for the heads of lettuce. After harvesting, the lettuce was packed into opened plastic bags and kept at 5 °C for 5 days to evaluate its weight loss. No differences were observed among the treatments for the physico-chemical parameters. The lettuce that was sprayed with manipueira or biofertiliser had the greatest weight loss during storage. The achievement of similar yields with cheaper products suggests a benefit of using organic bioinsecticides. 相似文献
165.
P.B. Irénikatché Akponikpè Koffi WimaHamma Yacouba André Mermoud 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(5):834-840
The scarcity of freshwater resources is a critical problem in semi-arid zones and marginal quality water is increasingly being used in agriculture. This paper aimed at evaluating the physico-chemical and biological risks on irrigated soils and fruits of macrophyte treated wastewater (TWW), the nutrients supply, and the effect on tomato and eggplant production in semi-arid Burkina Faso. During three years of experiments, treated wastewater was used, with fresh water as control, in combination with or without mineral fertilizer application at recommended rate (140 kg N/ha + 180 kg P2O5/ha + 180 kg K2O/ha). The study revealed that the treated wastewater provided variable nutrients supply depending on year and element. The treated wastewater without mineral fertilizer improved eggplant yield (40% in average) compared to the freshwater. Both crops responded better to mineral fertilizer (52% for tomato and 82% for eggplant) and the effects of the treated wastewater and fertilizer were additive. As the N supply of TWW was very unsteady (8-227% of crop need), and P2O5 supply did not satisfy in whole crop need (3-58%) during any of the three years of experiment, we recommended that moderate N and P2O5 fertilizers be applied when irrigating with TWW in semi-arid West-Africa. On the contrary, the K2O supply was more steady and close to crop requirement (78-126%) over the three years of experiment and no addition of K fertilizer may be needed when irrigated with TWW. Faecal coliforms and helminth eggs were observed in treated wastewater and irrigated soils at rate over the FAO and WHO recommended limits for vegetable to be eaten uncooked. Tomato fruits were observed to be faecal coliform contaminated with the direct on-foliage irrigation with treated wastewater. Our results indicate that treated wastewater can effectively be used as both nutrients source and crop water supply in market gardening in the semi-arid Sub-Saharan West Africa (SSWA) where freshwater and farm income are limiting. Yet consumers should properly cook or disinfect treated-wastewater irrigated vegetables before eating, and market gardeners should also be careful manipulating treated wastewater to avoid direct health contamination in this environment. 相似文献
166.
氧化塘深度对猪场厌氧消化液后处理的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用小试装置对3个不同深度氧化塘处理猪场厌氧消化液的效果进行了研究,结果表明:当平均气温为21.9℃,停留时间在80 ~110天,进水负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,氧化塘对NH4-N的去除率达到了90%以上,CODcr,TP的去除率分别为50%,40%.硝化作用和藻类的吸收是氧化塘去除NH4-N的主要方式,沉淀作用则是CODcr和TP的主要去除方式,在较长停留时间下,微生物对于溶解性CODcr的分解和同化也能提供一定的去除效果.当平均气温为21.9℃,在表面负荷为0.05 m3·m-2d-1的条件下,有效深度为0.3m和0.7m的氧化塘面积去除负荷分别为1.41 g·m-2d-1,1.49 g·m-2d-1,容积去除负荷分别为4.7g·m -3d-1,2.8g·m-3d-1.虽然较深氧化塘具有较高的面积去除负荷,但较浅的氧化塘却有更高的容积去除负荷. 相似文献
167.
168.
选择一种新型高效反应器系统对奶牛养殖场废水进行处理试验研究,这种反应器系统主要包括两级组合生物巢厌氧反应器和砂式沼液处理池。试验结果表明,该系统处理奶牛养殖废水速度快,两级组合生物巢厌氧反应器水力停留时间(HRT)仅为15h,处理效率高,砂式沼液处理池结构简单,对生物巢厌氧反应器出水处理效果好。该新型高效反应器组合系统对化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)、氨氮(NH3-N)和总固体悬浮物(TSS)的平均去除率分别为97.6%、98.2%、81.3%和98.1%,出水体积质量平均值分别为89.0、27.1、15.7mg·L^-1和64.9mg·L^-1,满足国家二级排放标准。 相似文献
169.
170.
污水回用是解决城市缺水问题的一条有效途径。该文提出了一种新方法,尝试利用多孔介质毛细管作用过滤生活污水。制造了4个毛管逆滤渗污水净化器,采用普通河砂作为过滤介质进行了室内试验。试验采用两个因素:水势差、滤池内外径比。水势差选取4个水平:0.11、0.26、0.41、0.56 m,外层与内层水池直径比选取3个水平:14/6、12/6、10/6,以研究利用毛细管作用净化污水的可行性,并定量确定水势差及内外层水池的相对大小对该系统运行效果的影响。用反应器去除污水COD的多少来评价过滤效果。结果表明,过滤速度及净化效果与水势差之间呈极显著的对数相关关系,两者都随着水势差的增大而提高。当水势差为0.56 m时,COD的去除率可高达80%左右,过滤速度可以高达0.15 m/h。外层与内层水池的直径比(D/d)越大滤速越小,但该比值对COD的去除率无明显影响。该装置在运行过程中,污水被过滤介质所覆盖,有效地避免了污水的刺激性气味和蚊蝇孳生对周边环境的影响。 相似文献