糙米型饲粮对肉脂型育肥猪的饲养效果

将46头体重近15kg的肉脂型仔猪随机分为2组，分别饲以饲料稻糙米型饲粮与玉米型饲粮，经3个月饲养试验结果表明：糙米型饲粮组猪的生长速度显著高于玉米组，同时每公斤增生的饲料消耗较玉米组降低了9.7%。经屠宰测定和肉质分析结果表明，两组屠宰率和瘦肉率均无显著差异，但以糙米型饲粮组猪肉的系水力较高、口感较好。     

猪弓形虫病内分泌系统动态病理学研究

作者观察分析了人工接种弓形虫强毒株后仔猪内分泌器官的动态病理组织学变化。各器官病变的主要发展过程为由充血、淋巴循环障碍到血栓形成,组织内嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润,最后组织发生严重水肿和坏死。垂体还可见小胶质细胞结节和坏死灶。胰腺和睾丸等内分泌部的损伤与恢复迟于外分泌部。     

吉林省生猪生产水足迹时空分异及优化布局研究

生猪养殖是畜牧业的重要组成部分,其生产和发展对水资源需求及水环境污染影响较大。水足迹区别于传统的取水指标,既可用于核算畜牧业耗水量,也可用于衡量畜牧业产生的水污染。为了研究吉林省生猪生产和发展对水资源需求及水环境的影响,基于水足迹理论及核算方法,对2000-2016年生猪生产水足迹进行量化,分析其绿水足迹、蓝水足迹、灰水足迹及总水足迹的时间变化和空间分布特征。结果表明：2000-2016年吉林省生猪的总水足迹呈下降趋势,其中绿水足迹呈上升趋势,蓝水足迹和灰水足迹呈下降趋势;吉林省各县(市、区)生猪绿水足迹、蓝水足迹、灰水足迹和总水足迹的空间分布总体为中部地区最高、东部地区最低,地域差异明显。因此,吉林省生猪养殖应优化布局,中部地区生猪养殖应大力发展,东部地区适当增加,而西部地区需加以控制。     

Commuting distances to local non‐farm workplaces and out‐migration: The case of Northeast Thailand

The relationship between commuting distances and where people work has been studied for urban contexts in both developed countries and developing countries. However, few studies have examined the situation in rural areas, and none look at commuting distances to non‐farm workplaces in rural areas of developing countries. This paper investigates how commuting distance, and thus accessibility, to local non‐farm work influences non‐farm employment and out‐migration from rural villages in Northeast Thailand. The main issues examined are: (i) the distance that rural residents travel to work in local non‐farm jobs; and (ii) the influence that local non‐farm employment has on the number of outmigrants from rural villages. The study finds: (i) distance between villages and non‐farm work sites impact the number of villagers who are employed in regular wage work; (ii) beyond 20 km villagers are less likely to travel to non‐farm employment using their own means of transportation; and (iii) employment in regular wage work decreases outmigration. The findings from this study contribute to the debates over the drivers of rural out‐migration, rural livelihood changes, and agrarian changes that are taking place in Southeast Asia.     

Glutamic acid supplementation recovers the reduced performance of weanling pigs fed reduced crude protein diets

This study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of glutamic acid(Glu)to reduced protein diets on the performance of weanling pigs.One hundred and eighty crossbred weanling pigs([Yorkshire
Landrace]
Duroc,21 d old)having similar body weight(BW)of 6.45 kg were randomly allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments(5 pigs per pen[2 barrows and 3 gilts];6 pens per treatment)based on BW and sex during a 6-week trial.Dietary treatments consisted of positive control(PC)diet formulated to have 226.9,205.6,and 188.8 g crude protein(CP)during phases 1,2,and 3,respectively,and negative control(NC)diets with 20 g CP reduction from PC diets and addition of Glu with increasing levels,resulting in the calculated Lys-to-Glu ratios of 1:2.25,1:2.30.1:2.35,1:2.40,and 1:2.45,designated as NC,NC1,NC2,NC3,and NC4,respectively.The BW of pigs receiving PC diet was higher(P<0.05)than those receiving NC diet at d 7,21 and 42.A higher(P<0.05)average daily gain(ADG)from d 1 to 7,8 to 21,22 to 42 and during the overall experiment period was observed in pigs fed PC than NC diet.Pigs fed NC diets including the graded level of Glu linearly increased(P<0.05)BW at d 42,ADG and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)during the overall experimental period.In addition,trends in linear increase in BW(P=0.056)at d 7 and ADG from d 1 to 7 and d 22 to 42(linear effect,P=0.081,P=0.058 respectively)were observed.A tendency in the linear increment of NH3(P=0.082)at d 21 and linear reduction in methyl mercaptans(P=0.054)emission at d 42 was observed in pigs fed NC diets supplemented with graded level of Glu.In conclusion,supplementing the reduced protein diet with Glu enhanced the growth performance in weanling pigs suggesting that supplementation of Glu can compensate the reduction of 2%CP in the basal diets.     

养殖废水处理设施自动化智能化运营与管控

为实现养殖废水处理设施自动化智能化运营与管控,本文以日产废水250 m³的某规模化养殖场废水处理设施为例,通过配置视频监控系统和在线监控设备,并设置预警预报功能,来展示自动化智能化运营与管控效果。实时监控结果表明,污泥浓度、DO、pH值等关键运行参数均控制在合理范围,分别为4 000~7 000 mg·L^-1、1.5 mg·L^-1（一级好氧池）和3~5 mg·L^-1（二级好氧池）、6.5~8.5;两级AO出水水质COD、氨氮均达标,分别为70 mg·L^-1以下和10 mg·L^-1以下,保障了设施运行效果,出水水质稳定达标,规避了环境风险。通过视频监控、在线监测、预警预报等功能,可有效监控废水处理设施每个处理环节运行状态,做到及时发现问题和解决问题,从而提高设施的管控效果和效率,并降低运营人员的投入,有效降低运营费用。实际运营结果表明,废水处理设施实施自动化智能化运营与管控,既能有效提高管控效果和效率,最大程度规避环境风险,又能降低运营成本,从而实现降本增效。     

猪育种软件的研究与应用

计算机技术已经成为加速现代动物育种进程的重要手段,为了适应规模化的猪场养殖和猪育种的发展需要,使用高效的猪场育种管理软件成为必然趋势。综述了计算机技术在动物育种中的应用现状,着重阐述国内外常见的猪育种管理软件,并提出目前相关软件存在的一些问题及未来发展趋势,为今后研究开发育种管理软件提供一定经验和借鉴。     

某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属复合污染研究

通过实地采样调查和室内样品分析,研究了蓝田冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属含量空间分布特征.并运甩地积累指数法对该区土壤重金属污染水平进行了评价.结果表明:该区农田土壤已受到了不同程度的重金属污染,水平方向上,距冶炼厂100m处的表层土壤污染最重,Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd含量均严重超标,分别为国家土壤环境质量二级标准的3.833、0.630、2.510、36.349倍.随着距离的增大,重金属含量大体都呈现出先上升、后下降最后趋于稳定的分布状况;剖面土壤中,重金属含量从表层到深层递减,0-35cm范围各层含量变化幅度较大,35cm以下基本上趋于稳定.从地积累指数来看,表层土壤和剖面土壤各样点的主要污染因子为Pb和Cd,Pb为中-强度污染,Zn和Cu为中等程度的污染,Cd已达到强-极严重污染程度.     

小梅山猪发情周期生殖激素变化的研究

以ESR基因BB型小梅山母猪、大白母猪为研究对象,测定发情周期血清生殖激素(雌二醇、雌三醇、孕酮、促卵泡素和促黄体素)浓度,探讨小梅山猪高产的内分泌机制。结果表明:小梅山猪雌二醇、孕酮浓度均显著(P<0.05)高于大白猪,大白猪雌三醇和促黄体素浓度显著(P<0.05)高于小梅山猪,而两品种猪促卵泡素则无显著差异。初步认为在诸多生殖激素动态相互作用中,雌激素和孕酮是决定小梅山母猪(ESR基因BB型)繁殖力的主效激素。