增重灵对生长猪增重效果的研究

选用50日龄体重相近的杜长大三元杂交猪30头,随机分成2组,研究增重灵对生长猪增重效果的研究。结果表明,与添加抗生素的对照组相比,增重灵组可提高猪增重9.1%,饲料转化率提高5.3%,1 kg增重饲料成本降低3.6%。     

磷脂脂肪酸生物标记法分析养猪发酵床微生物群落结构的空间分布

采用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid Fatty Acids,PLFA)生物标记法分析发酵床大栏养猪微生物群落结构的空间分布特点。从发酵床的5个区域(A、B、C、D、E)和3个层次(表层、中间层和底层)采集垫料样品,利用Sherlock MIS 4.5系统分析各样品的PLFA。结果表明,15:00、17:00、a15:0等7种PLFA在各样品中均有分布,为完全分布型,而a12:0和17:1 w6分别只在A区和B区分布,为不完全分布型。指示细菌、真菌、放线菌、革兰氏阳性细菌(G+)、革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)的PLFA及总PLFA在D区表层分布量最大。在各垫料中,PLFA分布量均表现为细菌真菌放线菌。A区各层次的真菌/细菌比值显著高于其他区域(P0.05),而G+/G-比值则显著低于其他区域(P0.05)。多样性分析表明,不同区域和层次的垫料Simpson指数、Shannon指数和Pielou指数值均呈现显著差异(P0.05)。聚类分析表明,当兰氏距离为117.1时,可将各样品聚为两个类群:类群Ⅰ包含A区的垫料,其特征是指示不同微生物的PLFA种类少和含量低;类群Ⅱ包含其他4个区域的垫料。当兰氏距离为23.4时,B区和D区各层次样本聚在同一亚类群中,其PLFA种类多、含量高,而C区和E区各层次样本聚在另一亚类群中,其PLFA含量中等。主成分分析表明,主成分1和主成分2基本能将发酵床不同空间垫料样本区分出来,其中A区单独归在一类群,D区和B区归在一类群,C区和E区归在一类群,与聚类分析结果一致。综上,发酵床大栏养猪不同空间的微生物种群结构不同,A区微生物种类少、含量低,而B区和D区微生物种类多、含量高。     

猪卵母细胞冷冻技术研究进展

综述了猪卵母细胞的冷冻保存方法和解冻方法,同时对保存效果、影响保存的因素、保护剂的选择等进行探讨。最后,展望了猪卵母细胞冷冻技术的应用前景。     

用原位杂交法研究猪下丘脑内瘦素长形受体mRNA的分布定位

用体外转录方法合成了瘦素（leptin）长形受体（Ob-Rb)反应和正义RNA探针，用原位杂交法研究了5冰头2－3月龄母猪下丘脑内瘦素长形受体mRNA的分布定位，结果表明，猪瘦素长形受体mRNA分布于下丘脑的的弓状核、腹内侧核，背内侧核，室旁核，室周核和下丘脑外侧区。     

猪粪堆肥过程中氮素物质转化规律研究

猪粪、稻草、菌荆混合堆肥与单纯猪粪堆肥对比试验,定量化研究了堆肥过程中不同阶段各种形态氮素转化和氮素损失途径。结果表明,在猪粪中添加稻草和菌剂堆肥,全氮损失减少,损失量为38％,其中氨态氮损失占氮总损失量80％,有机氮损失占氮总损失量21％;而单纯猪粪堆肥其氮素损失78％,其中氨态氮损失占氮总损失量38％,有机氮损失占氮总损失量59％。堆肥过程中主要是氨态氮和有机氮的变化,硝态氮变化较小。     

育肥猪舍氨气浓度测定与排放通量的估算

在北京选择一典型猪场,对不同季节育肥舍的氨气浓度进行了为期1年的试验测定,2004—2005年试验期间每2个月测定1次,每次测定3～4d,每2h采样一次,并根据二氧化碳平衡原理,对猪场不同生长阶段的育肥猪氨气排放通量进行了估算。结果表明,2005年1月舍内氨气的平均浓度为(10.09±4.60)mg·m-3。2004年7月舍内氨气平均浓度为(3.44±2.34)mg·m-3,5月舍内氨气浓度为(6.29±4.07)mg·m-3,11月舍内氨气浓度为(6.98±2.63)mg·m-3,夏季舍内氨气浓度日夜变化不显著,冬季每日最低氨气浓度出现在9:00—17:00时段;育肥猪饲养期间的氨气排放通量为每头107.18～424.42mg·h-1。     

稀释液中添加海藻糖对猪冷冻精液质量参数和活性氧的影响

本试验旨在探讨海藻糖对猪精子冷冻效果以及精子内活性氧(ROS)的含量影响。试验分对照组和4个海藻糖处理组(0.025,0.05,0.1和0.2 mol/L)。精子冷却后,添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,而精子内和稀释液中各组间ROS发生量都没有显著的差异。精子冷冻解冻后,添加0.05 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子活力显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.05 mol/L和0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组的精子生存率显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖处理组顶体完整的精子百分比显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;4个海藻糖处理组膨胀精子百分比都显著(P<0.05)高于对照组;添加0.025 mol/L海藻糖处理组ROS水平显著(P<0.05)低于对照组。结果表明:海藻糖对精子冷冻保存是有益的,且能抑制精子内ROS的发生,但它的作用机制有待于进一步的研究。     

EFFECTS OF ACEPROMAZINE ON THREE-PHASE 99mTc-MDP BONE IMAGING IN 11 HORSES

Horses undergoing skeletal scintigraphy can have decreased radiopharmaceutical bone uptake in the limbs. This reduces the diagnostic value of the scan. The aim of the present study was to measure the changes in count density caused by vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine during bone scintigraphy in normal horses. A three-phase bone scan was performed twice in 11 adult horses to study the effects of acepromazine on the count density of the resultant scintigrams. With acepromazine, there was a statistically significant mean difference of 12 s for initial blood flow and 21 s for peak flow. The time to initial blood flow and time to peak flow occurred earlier for the scans in which acepromazine was used. There were no significant differences in the bone to soft tissue ratios during the soft tissue and bone phases of the scan between procedures. Intravenous administration of acepromazine increases peripheral blood flow causing an earlier onset of the vascular phase during the three-phase bone scan. Acepromazine did not increase the count density of the bone phase scintigrams. As expected, the vasodilatation and increased blood flow associated with intravenous injection of acepromazine affected the count density of the vascular phase of the bone scan.     

Molecular and biological characterisation of Cryptosporidium in pigs

OBJECTIVE: Genetic and biological characterisation of 12 isolates of Cryptosporidium from pigs and comparing them with Cryptosporidium isolates from humans and cattle. DESIGN: Cryptosporidium isolates from pigs were compared with those obtained from human and cattle using rDNA sequence analysis. The infectivity of two of the porcine isolates was determined in neonatal mice and the clinical history of the infected pigs recorded. RESULTS: Pig-derived isolates of Cryptosporidium exhibited two distinct genotypes; a porcine genotype and a bovine genotype, which is common to cattle and other livestock. The porcine genotype did not produce any infection in neonatal mice whereas the bovine genotype did. CONCLUSION: Two distinct genetically and biologically differing strains of Cryptosporidium appeared to be associated with acute diarrhoea in pigs. Whether Cryptosporidium was a primary or secondary pathogen is unclear but warrants further investigation. As the bovine genotype is known to infect humans, the results suggest that pigs can act as reservoirs of cryptosporidial infections for humans and other live-stock. The zoonotic potential of the pig-adapted genotype is uncertain and requires further study.