规模化猪场疫病传入的外部风险因素指标体系的初探

据实际调查,运用层次分析法,将疫病传入的各外界风险因素指标划分为目标层、准则层和分准则层三个层次。采用EXCEL软件进行数据统计,依次编辑各层次结构模型,构建各层次的判断矩阵和一致性检验。结果表明：猪场的管理措施、生物安全、场址是疫病传入的主要风险因素。据此确立了I级指标和II级指标,从而构建疫病传入的风险因素指标体系。     

屠宰前禁食对肉猪的影响

作者探讨生长猪屠宰前禁食对肉猪潜在的影响。被禁食的猪活体体重及其屠宰胴体重量均有所减少,也可能引发胃溃疡。屠宰前中止饲喂,对肉食品安全是有益的,能够改善肉质终点pH、持水力和肉色;降低肉质肌糖原含量。生长猪的基因型、抗应激性能和动物所处的环境,均能够影响肉猪生产性能。     

湖南黑猪RBP4基因与产仔数的相关性分析

以湖南黑猪为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术进行视黄醇结合蛋白4（Retinol-binding proteins 4,RBP4）基因多态性检测,并采用最小二乘分析法分析其对产仔数影响的遗传效应。结果表明：猪群中发现AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,A、B等位基因的频率、多态信息含量、杂合度分别为0.8649、01351、0.3960、0.2337,表明该位点处于中度多态。初产母猪AA型比BB型个体的总产仔数、产活仔数分别多1.66头、1.83头,差异显著（P〈0.05）;经产母猪AA型个体的总产仔数和产活仔数比AB、BB型分别多1.19头、1.48头（P〈0.01）和0.96头、1.22头（P〈0.05）。基因效应分析结果表明,初产、经产母猪在该位点上A等位基因对总产仔数和产活仔数都表现为正效应,各性状分别增加了0.1496头、0.1635头和0.1443头、0.1169头,即A等位基因可能为湖南黑猪繁殖性能的有利等位基因。     

不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长性能、背膘厚度及眼肌面积的影响

试验研究不同净能水平日粮对育肥猪生长、背膘及眼肌面积的影响.选择420头(38.5±0.5) kg丹系三元育肥猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复14头猪,公、母各半.试验A、B、C、D、E组饲粮净能水平分别为9.84、10.05、10.26、10.46和10.67MJ/kg,预试期7d,正式试验期97 d.结果 ...     

硫酸新霉素可溶性粉在靶动物猪的安全性研究

为了客观评价硫酸新霉素可溶性粉对靶动物猪临床应用的安全性,将32头仔猪随机分为4组,每组8头,分别设1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量组和空白对照组,连续混饮硫酸新霉素可溶性粉15 d,通过检测各组受试猪的临床表现、血液常规指标、血清生化指标、尿液常规指标及病理学变化等评价其临床用药的安全性。结果:硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以5倍临床推荐剂量内应用于靶动物猪后,对其临床症状、体重、血常规、血生化及尿常规等指标没有显著影响,解剖学及病理组织学检查也未见任何病理变化,说明硫酸新霉素可溶性粉以1倍、3倍、5倍临床推荐剂量应用于靶动物猪是安全的。     

新荣昌猪Ⅰ系的配套利用

本文针对新荣昌猪Ⅰ系推广及配套利用的现状,提出了保证推广、利用效果的若干措施,即推广必须与选育提高相结合;建立适宜的繁育体系,并提出了不同模式;选择适宜的杂交组合,并推荐最优组合,制定技术规范和不断研究解决实际中的新问题。     

Effects of feeding diets containing low crude protein and coarse wheat bran as alternatives to zinc oxide in nursery pig diets

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of crude protein (CP) level in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) with or without pharmacological levels of Zn (provided by zinc oxide: ZnO) on growth performance and fecal DM of nursery pigs. In experiment 1, 360 barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 5.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments from d 0 to 21 after weaning with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatments included a positive control diet (21% CP) with 3,000 mg/kg Zn in phase 1 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2; negative control (21% CP) with 110 mg/kg added Zn, and 4 diets containing 4% CWB and 110 mg/kg added Zn formulated to contain 21%, 19.5%, 18%, or 16.5% CP. The 2 control diets and 21% CP CWB diet contained 1.40% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2, while the 19.5%, 18%, and 16.5% CP diets contained 1.33, 1.25 and 1.20% Lys, respectively, in both phases. Pigs fed the positive control diet containing pharmacological ZnO had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with the negative control and the 21% CP CWB diet. Reducing CP (concurrently with SID Lys) in diets containing CWB decreased ADG and G:F (linear, P = 0.002); however, fecal DM increased (linear, P = 0.005). In experiment 2, two groups of 300 and 350 pigs, initially 7.0 and 6.2 kg, respectively, were used with 5 pigs per pen and 26 pens per treatment. The objective was to determine if adding back essential AA would improve growth performance of pigs fed the low CP diets. All dietary treatments were fed for 13 days, contained 4% CWB, and consisted of: (1) positive control with 2,000 mg/kg of Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); (2) no ZnO and 21% CP; and 3 diets with no ZnO formulated to 18% CP and (3) 1.2% SID Lys; (4) 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of feed grade amino acids (AA), and (5) diet 4 with non-essential amino acids (NEAA; Gly and Glu). Pigs fed 21% CP with ZnO had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) with high levels of feed grade amino acids or those fed the reduced SID Lys (1.2%) diet. Overall, G:F was improved (P < 0.001) for pigs fed 21% CP diets and those fed the 18% CP diet with NEAA compared to pigs fed 1.2% SID Lys and pigs fed high levels of feed grade amino acids. Fecal DM was increased for pigs fed the reduced SID Lys diet. In summary, pharmacological levels of Zn improve pig growth performance, but reducing CP (and subsequently SID Lys) decreased nursery pig growth performance.     

季节对美系杜洛克母猪胴体和肉质性能的影响

本试验测定了不同季节对美系杜洛克的胴体和肉质参数的影响。结果提示:季节对美系杜洛克猪的胴体品质无显著影响。在肉质参数中,秋冬季猪肉的红度(6.47±0.73)显著低于春夏季(8.78±0.85),贮存损失(3.26±0.88)也显著低于春夏季(5.63±0.64)。     

三江白猪组织基因组提取及RAPD反应条件的优化

本试验从三江白猪组织中提取总DNA,获得较高质量的模板样品。并对RAPD反应的条件进行了优化,提高RAPD分析的可靠性和重复性。确保三江白猪遗传分析的真实性和准确性,为进一步的研究提供参考条件。     

Impact of MYOD family genes on pork traits in Large White and Landrace pigs

Summary Porcine myogenic differentiation genes ( MYOD ) family play a key role in growth and muscle development and are therefore considered as candidate genes for meat production traits. The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphisms at four loci belonging to the MYOD genes family and analyse their associations with variation in meat production traits in Czech pig breeds. To verify the associations between the polymorphisms and the selected meat traits, altogether 254 pigs, including full- and half-sibs, of Large White and Landrace breeds were tested. The studied meat characteristics were weight of neck, loin, shoulder and ham, lean meat content (LMC), backfat thickness, intramuscular fat (IMF), remission, dry matter content and test daily gain. Statistically significant associations were observed between MYOG gene and fat and neck weight, and between MYF5 gene and IMF and LMC. High significant differences were observed between genotypes AA and AB of MYOD1 in IMF and between genotypes AB and BB of MYF5 in loin weight.