朱砂叶螨危害对豇豆幼苗叶绿素和蛋白质含量的影响

豇豆幼苗叶片受朱砂叶螨危害0～8 d内,叶绿素、蛋白质含量及组成随危害程度的加深均有不同程度的变化。在试验期内,受害叶片蛋白质含量随危害时间的延长稳定增加,与危害时间之间差异显著(P<0.05),在危害8 d时,两虫口密度之间也产生显著差异(P<0.05);在危害4 d后,受害叶片产生带8、9两条蛋白质谱带,且含量随危害时间的延长而增加;在实验期内,两处理叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量均随危害时间的延长而下降,不同危害时间之间下降的幅度差异显著(P<0.05),另外,相同危害时间下两处理叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总量下降的幅度也随虫口密度的增大而增加,两虫口密度之间差异显著(P<0.05)。     

Correlation between the proportion of stained eggs and the number of mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) monitored using a ‘non‐parallel board trap’

The poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) is a serious problem for the poultry industry worldwide. However, the relationship between the mite population and the damage that they cause is still unclear. In this study, the mite population in poultry houses was examined using an established trap method, and the risk of blood‐stained eggs caused by the mites was assessed. Traps were placed once a week outside the egg channels and/or on the floor in two poultry farms in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, from April 2012 to July 2014. The numbers of blood‐stained eggs and total eggs were counted at weekly intervals. The results showed that the number of mites increased from April to May, and reached a peak around the beginning of June when the average temperature and humidity were >24°C and 70–90%, respectively. In the segmented model, the correlation between the proportion of blood‐stained eggs and the number of mites or temperature was positive over a threshold. In conclusion, our established trap method is useful for monitoring mites and can be used to predict when poultry farms should be treated to prevent appearance of blood‐stained eggs.     

棉花蚜螨繁殖率及棉蚜再猖獗

氰戊菊酯曾对棉蚜有极好的防治效果,而对棉叶螨防治效果极差。棉蚜抗药性的发展使药效发生了变化,近来的试验表明,该药对蚜虫药效很差,对伏蚜根本无效,１００和２００ｐｐｍ对棉蚜已属低浓度,可使其繁殖率增加４－８倍,在田间使用氰戊菊酯可形成大的棉蚜群体。在相同浓度下一般可抑制棉叶蚜群体,使药后存活很少的棉叶螨在种间竞争中处于劣势而使群体越来越小。氰戊菊酯的复配剂－丰收菊酯弥补了氰戊菊酯的不足,可同时控制蚜     

15种药剂对二斑叶螨防治效果研究

为筛选出防治二斑叶螨的有效药剂,以黄瓜为试验材料,采用苗期接虫及叶面喷雾的方法进行15种常用杀螨剂对二斑叶螨防治效果的研究。结果表明:药后1 d, 43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液、73%克螨特乳油2000倍液、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1000倍液的防治效果均达94%,显著优于其他药剂;药后3 d,25%单甲脒水剂1 000倍液的防治效果大幅提高,达95.62%,与43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液、73%克螨特乳油2 000倍液、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 000倍液差异均不显著;药后7 d,200 g/L双甲脒乳油1 000倍液、50%苯丁锡可湿性粉剂2 000倍液、15%哒螨灵乳油2 000倍液、240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂2 000倍液防效也随之升高,均达92%,而50 g/L氟虫脲可分散性液剂1 000倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 000倍液、20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂1 500倍液、45%毒死蜱乳油1 000倍液、5%噻螨酮乳油1 500倍液、240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂3 000倍液防治效果则表现较差;药后14 d,73%克螨特乳油2 000倍液、25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1 000倍液、25%单甲脒水剂1 000倍液、50%苯丁锡可湿性粉剂2 000倍液、240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂2 000倍液、43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3 000倍液均保持很好效果,都在96%以上,建议在田间交替使用43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂3000倍液、73%克螨特乳油2000倍液和25%三唑锡可湿性粉剂1000倍液来防治二斑叶螨。由于99%绿颖矿物油200倍液(防治效果为83.24%～91.18%)无毒无残留,对环境、产品安全,可推荐使用。     

朱砂叶螨生命表和种群动态的研究

试验在植物生长箱内以5种变动温湿度组合模拟郑州地区6—7月份大气温湿度,以棉叶圆盘饲育朱砂叶螨,所得数据组建了朱砂叶螨生命表.在上述温湿度条件下,又对棉苗上的种群动态进行了观察.结果在供试高温低湿条件下,朱砂叶螨增殖最快,内禀增殖率和净生殖率最高,世代平均日数最短.棉田种群动态系统调查结果与室内研究趋势一致.证实高温干旱季节是朱砂叶螨大量增殖和暴发成灾的气候条件,雨水冲刷和高湿环境是种群数量迅速衰退的主要原因.     

朱砂叶螨对久效磷抗性的遗传分析

采自棉田的朱砂叶螨（Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval）种群使用80-267（×10#+[-6]）的久效磷7次筛选后,抗性水平由42.34上升到161.49倍。以其作为抗性品系（R）,通过和感性品系的杂交和回交研究了朱砂叶螨抗久效磷的遗传方式。正交和反交F#-1代（SR和RS）的lg(LC)-P方程介于S与R之间偏向R方,显性系数D#-（SR）和D#-（RS）分别为0.5634和0.5610,表明抗性是由不完全显性基因控制。F#-1杂合子与亲本的回交表明其后代F#-2（SR×S♂和RS×R♂）的分离符合孟德尔单基因遗传模型。本试验还测定了抗久效磷朱砂叶螨品系对15种常用杀螨剂的敏感性,结果显示敌敌畏、功夫菊脂和甲氰菊酯对其有较强的毒力。1991-1992年监测了河南棉田朱砂叶螨对久效磷的抗性水平,结果表明抗性倍数位于13.03-45.44之间,抗性处于突增阶段。     

曲阜孔林地区土壤甲螨区系及群落结构的初步研究

通过在曲阜孔林地区选择四种典型生境作为采集样点,定时定量采集土样,共分离获得标本8934号,经鉴定发现所采集标本隶属21科33属45种,其中含有16种中国新记录种。对鉴定出的45种甲螨进行区系分析表明,该地区土壤甲螨在世界动物地理区划中的分布,可以划分为8个区系型。在中国动物地理区划中可划分11种区系型。其群落分析表明:No-thrus asiaticus Aoki et ohnishi、Erembelba foliata Foliata hummer、Zygoribatula hailongensis、Ceratozetes japonicus Aoki、Scheloribates latipes为该地区的优势类群。多样性分析表明C样地多样性指数最高。     

Survival and retention of infectivity of the mitePsoroptes ovis off the host

Psoroptes ovis mites were removed from infected sheep and placed in positions where wool and mites normally accumulate during sheep scab outbreaks. The ambient temperature and humidity were monitored over a 3-week period and the survival and infectivity times were examined. The procedure was carried out during each of the seasons. The hatchability of mite eggs was also examined. It was found that little variation occurred between seasons, with mites regularly retaining viability and infectivity for 15 days during all seasons. Mites that survived for more than 16 days failed to infect sheep. Mite eggs retained hatchability for up to 7 days.     

竹裂爪螨天敌--余杭植绥螨的研究

余杭植绥螨是竹裂爪螨的重要天敌.室内20℃恒温饲养余杭植绥螨需21.2 d完成一个世代、28℃则10.4 d就可完成,30℃以上出现死亡.幼螨、第1若螨和雄成虫捕食量相对较少,雌成螨每天平均捕食竹裂爪螨5.5头,最多可捕食13头,雌成螨期最多可捕食165头.雌成螨捕食量大,发育即加快,产卵量增加,产卵期延长,卵粒个体也加大.一头雌成螨一生产卵量7～15粒,卵产于竹叶背面基部茸毛丛中或竹裂爪螨的丝网内.余杭植绥螨随竹裂爪螨种群数量的消长而消长,竹裂爪螨在浙江有二个明显的高峰期,其每个高峰期5～7 d后,余杭植绥螨也出现明显的高峰期;而余杭植绥螨每次高峰期后6～9 d,竹裂爪螨发生量就明显下降.