序惯相似性检测在油田井下作业中的应用

将信号处理中对2信号进行快速相似性检测的理论和方法--序惯相似性检测用于油田井下作业中,来自动检测自然伽玛曲线的相似性,从而对射孔位置进行自动定位。根据实验检验分析,该方法确定的射孔位置与人工判定的射孔位置基本相同,可以有效的减少劳力和提高效率。     

空间导叶面积变化规律对井用潜水泵性能的影响

为了研究空间导叶叶片进出口有效过流面积比和其过水断面面积变化规律对潜水泵性能的影响,保证导叶其他参数不变,设计了9种面积比模型,以效率最优的面积比导叶为基础模型,设计了4种过水断面面积变化规律的导叶,包括线性式、上凸式、下凹式和S形。运用CFD数值模拟方法对其内部流场进行了计算,模拟计算结果与试验结果较为吻合,设计工况下的扬程和效率的误差均在3%以内。通过对潜水泵外特性分析表明:导叶过水断面面积变化规律在设计工况下对泵的效率有显著影响,变化过程中效率的增幅约为4%,但对其扬程影响甚微,最大扬程差仅为0.7 m;各个方案导叶流道的内流场分布结果表明:下凹式面积变化规律能有效改善导叶内流体的流动状态,降低导叶内的能量损失。非线性下凹式面积变化规律优于线性,S形及上凸式面积变化规律,但如何寻找最优变化规律仍需继续探索。     

超深井蠕变地层套管强度及其影响因素研究

由于盐膏层岩石具有蠕变特性,导致盐膏层钻井、完井工艺复杂,造成井下套管损坏率高;本文采用岩石模拟伯格斯模型,研究了非均匀地应力下蠕变地层套管径向应力、最大等效应力和套管安全系数的分布规律,并在此基础上系统地研究了地层弹性模量和泊松比、水泥环模量和泊松比、非均匀载荷系数、内压等工程和地质因素对套管应力和载荷的影响规律,为蠕变地层中套管强度计算提供理论依据。     

用地下水动态长观资料求μ和△0值

在缺乏地表水的地区,地下水是重要的水资源,它分布广、水质好、供水保证程度高,而得到越来越多的开发利用.正确评价地下水是为了更好的保护地下水合理开发、充分利用.地下水给水度是评价地下水的一个重要参数.本文根据我局在平原区布设有25a以上资料的地下水动态长期观测井的优势,在符合求参要求的地区,用地下水动态长观资料,结合同时间水面蒸发资料与柯夫达-阿维里扬诺夫经验公式,建立相关关系,列出回归方程式,求出给水度和潜水蒸发极限埋深值.     

烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术研究与应用

为大面积推广烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术,解决铜仁乃至贵州烤烟适期移栽烟苗不壮的问题,促进烟叶生产水平的进一步提高,从井窖式小苗移栽的基本技术指标及其应用基础角度对烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术进行了研究。结果表明:烤烟井窖式小苗移栽技术最佳井窖规格为井窖口呈圆形(直径8～9cm,深度以移栽烟苗高度距井窖口2～3cm为好);铜仁市800m以下海拔烟区,烤烟井窖式小苗移栽的最佳移栽期为4月10—20日,800m以上烟区烤烟井窖式小苗移栽的最佳移栽期为4月15—25日;地膜井窖式小苗移栽的垄体以高度25～30cm、宽度60～70cm为宜,非地膜井窖式小苗移栽的起垄高度以25～35cm、宽度70～90cm为宜;当垄体土壤水分好时的最小定根水用量以60～100mL/穴为好,当土壤水分达中等时的最小定根水以100～150mL/穴为好,当土壤水分较差时最小定根水以150～200mL/穴为宜。2011年,铜仁市示范推广1 466.66hm2,取得了良好的效果。     

面向对象的测井图形系统设计和实现

在水平井系统工程的配套技术中，利用相应的水平井实时地质导向系统、根据随钻数据和现场情况对井眼轨迹进行实时控制是其核心。首先描述了该系统的基本功能要求，在此基础上，给出了该系统的业务流程和逻辑结构，最后给出了一个该系统的应用实例。     

Herbicidal action of 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones

The main mode of herbicidal activity of 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones is shown to be inhibition of photosystem II (PSII). The herbicidal and in vitro activities have been measured and correlated with their (Log)octanol/water partition coefficients (Log Ko/w). The length of the 3-n-alkyl substituent for optimal activity differed between herbicidal and in vitro activity. The maximum in vitro activity was given by the nonyl to dodecyl homologues (Log Ko/w between 6.54 and 8.12), whereas herbicidal activity peaked with the n-hexyl compound (Log Ko/w = 4.95). The effect of chain branching was also investigated using isomeric pentyl analogues substituted at position 3. All exhibited similar levels of in vitro activities but herbicidal activities differed, albeit moderately, with the exception of one analogue that was much less phytotoxic. Other modes of action were also investigated using two representative compounds. They did not show any activity on photosystem I or mitochondrial complex I, or generate toxic oxygen radicals by redox cycling reactions. Only moderate activity was found against mitochondrial complex III from plants, in contrast to much higher corresponding activity using an insect enzyme.     

Assessment of groundwater quality and its variations in the capture zone of a pumping well in an agricultural area

Agricultural activities are frequently associated with water contamination. The spreading and storage of fertilizers, for instance, may result in groundwater contamination due to pollutants leaching into an aquifer. Nitrates and fecal bacteria are two important contaminants associated with agriculture. Thus, the development of efficient strategies for groundwater protection in agricultural areas requires an assessment of these two contaminants. Given this perspective, groundwater quality monitoring was carried out over the whole capture zone of a municipal well located in an agricultural area in the St.-Lawrence Lowlands in Québec. Thirty-eight piezometers were installed within the roughly 2 km² capture area of the well to measure physico-chemical parameters such as major ions, field measured parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, water level, temperature), and isotopic ratios, bacteriological parameters (Heterotrophic Plate Count—HPC, enterococci, total coliforms, Escherichia coli) and their variations in space and time. Groundwater was sampled from the pumping well and the piezometers during 25 field campaigns in 2005, 2006 and 2007. The results demonstrate the impact of agricultural activities on nitrate contamination. They indicate high spatial and temporal variations in nitrate concentrations, from 6 to 125 mgNO₃⁻/L within the capture area, with 40% of the samples exceeding the Québec drinking water limit of 45 mgNO₃⁻/L. Nitrate pollution in the municipal well exceeded 45 mgNO₃⁻/L during 2005, but no bacteriological contamination was observed. The results also show a high variability of nitrate concentration with depth within the capture zone. Electrical conductivity appears as a good indicator of the presence of nitrate and calcium ions in this capture zone. Correlations between nitrate, calcium and chloride suggest that these ions come from the same source of fertilizer. Nitrate isotopic composition suggests that nitrate in groundwater originates from both chemical and organic fertilizers. The bacteriological results show that the extracted volume of water during sampling of a piezometer has a significant impact on the bacteria count. The variability of bacteriological pollution is important in space and time, showing a higher contamination during summer. Only 2% of the raw water samples exhibit contamination exceeding the drinking water standard for treated water. Total coliforms seem to be a good precursor of E. coli or enterococci contamination. Globally, the physico-chemical and bacteriological groundwater quality within the studied capture area and the pumping well shows contamination by nitrates, but low contamination levels by fecal bacteria.     

Stable isotopes infer the value of Australia’s coastal vegetated ecosystems from fisheries

Wild capture fisheries provide substantial input to the global economy through employment and revenue. The coastal zone is especially productive, accounting for just 7% of the total area of the ocean, but supporting an estimated 50% of the world's fisheries. Vegetated coastal ecosystems—seagrass meadows, tidal marshes and mangrove forests—are widely cited as providing nutritional input that underpin coastal fisheries production; however, quantitative evidence of this relationship is scarce. Using Australia as a case study, we synthesized fisheries stable isotope data to estimate nutritional input derived from coastal vegetated ecosystems and combined these “proportional contribution” estimates with total annual catch data from commercial fisheries to determine species‐specific dollar values for coastal vegetated ecosystems. Based on the data from 96 commercially important fish species across Australian states (total landings 14 × 10⁶ tonnes pa), we provide a conservative estimate that Australia's coastal vegetated ecosystems contribute at least 78 million AUD per year to the fisheries economy. Two thirds of this contribution came from tidal marshes and seagrasses that were both equally valued at 31.5 million AUD per year (39.4%) followed by mangroves at 14.9 million AUD per year (18.6%). The highest dollar values of coastal ecosystems originated from eastern king prawn (Melicertus plebejus) and giant mud crab (Scylla serrata). This study demonstrates the substantial economic value supported by Australia's coastal vegetated ecosystems through commercial fisheries harvest. These estimates create further impetus to conserve and restore coastal wetlands and maintain their support of coastal fisheries into the future.     

对比求解抽、灌水过程水文地质参数的流量-时间配线法

利用基于割离井法的流量时间配线法反求抽水过程和井回灌过程的水文地质参数,并与泰斯法、裘依公式法、割离井公式法的求解结果进行了对比。结果表明,潜水含水层水文地质参数的求解选用流量-时间配线法求解精度高,可以减少繁琐的计算,结果是可靠的;对等水文地质条件下,井抽水过程求得的水文地质参数稍大干井回灌过程求得的水文地质参数,但可以用抽水过程求参方法近似求解井回灌过程的水文地质参数;运用泰斯法近似计算潜水含水层水文地质参数结果显著偏大,建议一般不予采用。