基于混合解换热模型的地源热泵系统井群热干扰特性

为建立井群换热快速求解模型并研究其热干扰特性,提出了一种基于解析-数值计算的混合解模型,以16井群为研究对象,通过试验和数值模拟的方法研究了井群热干扰特性。研究结果表明:随着换热的进行井群中各井间产生热干扰并逐渐增强,同一运行时刻中井受热干扰程度最大、边井次之、角井则最小;由于井间热干扰的影响,角井换热能力最大、井壁温度最低,边井换热能力和井壁温度居中,中井换热能力最小、井壁温度最高,则运行90 d时角井换热量比边井大6.5%,边井换热量比中井大7.1%;角井对井群换热量的贡献率随换热时间延长逐渐增加,中井对井群换热量的贡献率则逐渐减少,而边井对井群换热量的贡献率基本不变。     

Nitrochromeazo titrimetric determination of sulfate in irrigation and other saline waters

Abstract

Sulfate in various types of aqueous solutions such as soil‐water extracts, sewage effluents, irrigation water, and well water can be determined rapidly and accurately by a volumetric technique. The indirect method is based on the formation of the barium‐nitrochromeazo complex. Using a water‐acetone medium sharpens the end point and adding NH₄F at low pH controls interferences.     

利用地下水模型模拟分析灌区适宜井渠灌水比例

为了获取泾惠渠灌区适宜井渠灌水比例,科学合理地确定农业节水方案,该文综合应用ArcGIS和PMWIN地下水模拟软件建立了灌区的地下水分布模拟模型,根据灌区历年农业用水实际情况设定了10种灌溉情景模拟灌区地下水位的变化趋势,通过地下水模型分析研究了灌区井渠灌水比例。利用VB程序语言改写EVT蒸发蒸腾子程序包,使其能模拟非线性蒸发,潜水蒸发量计算精度得到较大改进。研究表明:1)渠首有效灌溉引水量在3.7～4.1亿m3,井渠灌水比例控制在0.35～0.55,基本可以保持灌区地下水采补平衡;2)渠首有效灌溉引水量在1.5～2.0亿m3,井渠灌水比例控制在0.5～0.7,也能实现灌区地下水采补平衡;3)目前井渠灌水比例在0.9～1.2,已引起灌区地下水超采。建议井渠灌水比例控制在0.5～0.7,加大农业节水力度、增加水价财政补贴、进行地下水人工调蓄,实现灌区水资源高效持续利用。     

油井重复压裂在江汉油田的实践与探讨

介绍了近年来江汉油田在油井重复压裂研究方面所做的部分工作,及其对江汉油田油井重复压裂机理所取得的认识。针对江汉油区井深、油层渗透率低、层薄、地下油水分布复杂的地质特点,总结出了油井重复压裂的选井原则。对周16井、周181井的重复压裂改造现场试验取得一定的增油效果。对认识江汉油田老井重复改造工艺、提高老井原油采收率具有重要的指导意义。     

聚类分析的几个问题

本文提出优聚类的统一定义,从而概括了众多的聚类方法,建立了聚类函数的若干性质,证明了等价关系系统与系统聚类法的等价性,推广了 Fisher 算法,证得全序递归聚类法必得优聚类,得出最优聚类的一些充分条件。     

Studie über die Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung von stau- and grundwasserbeeinflußten Böden durch die Anwendung von falschfarbigen Luftbildern und photographischen Äquidensiten

Two well drained pedons from deeply weathered level terrace of Madhupur Tract were studied. Silt and clay fractions were determined by pipette sampling method and sand fractions by dry sieving. The sand fraction distribution was bimodal. The pedons consisted of three weakly stratified segments. A large amount (78–95 %) of materials of these segments belonged to the suspension population during transportation. The saltation population contained 5–20 % of the sediment, whereas the traction population only 0–0.1 %. The increase of coarser material content against depth in these pedons indicate that the energy level of the transporting medium raised more and more as the phases of deposition proceeded.     

井灌稻区晒水池增温与其影响因素

针对三江平原井灌稻区利用4～5℃的井水灌溉,难以满足水稻对灌溉水温的要求,导致井灌水稻产量低、品质低、效益差的现状,本文通过田间试验,研究晒水池增加水温的规律、晒水池增温与其影响因素间的关系,为井灌稻区克服冷水害提供了解决方案和数量指标。结果表明：气温、晒水池面积、水深是影响晒水池水温的主要因素,尤其水温与气温的关系最为显著。水温、气温的日变化趋势具有同步性,但与气温相比,水温的变化过程具有滞后性。在晴天里,气温越高,水温越高;在一定的气温范围内,晒水池面积越大,水温越高。     

不同地下水埋深条件下农田潜水蒸发试验研究

不同潜水埋深下裸地逐旬日平均潜水蒸发过程表现为:夏季最强,春季和秋季较弱,冬季最弱。随着地下水埋深的增加,潜水蒸发量呈现降低的趋势。裸地累计潜水蒸发量随埋深增大而减少,二者符合幂函数关系。当潜水埋深较小时,潜水蒸发与直径20 cm蒸发皿的水面蒸发量的关系接近直线,随着埋深加大,当水面蒸发强度增大到某种程度,曲线的斜率逐渐变小。降水对裸地潜水蒸发的影响主要是2个方面的作用:有降水时大气蒸发能力接近于零,同时降水补给了土壤水而削弱了毛管作用从而降低了潜水蒸发。     

Research on a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection

Waterflood is one of the main oil reservoir development ways. Premature flooding of production wells during water flooding process will reduce oil recovery. Therefore,it is particularly important to establish a dynamic tracking model for reservoir water flooding of separated zone water injection. Based on the basic principles of heat and mass transfer,according to well temperature curve to determine the water profile,Poisson process analysis and stochastic process methods are adopted to calculate water saturation,water breakthrough time and water cut of each layer in water flooded reservoir at any one time. When oil reservoir gradually become water flooded,the calculated water cut of model considering micro-pore distribution of the reservoir tends to the measured water cut,and the calculation error is less than 5%. Case study shows that the layer of the higher injection rate,with high flow channel such as micro fracture,where there is the faster increase in water saturation,the shorter water breakthrough time and faster increase in water cut,and vice versa. Research result provides time guarantee to take measures for inhibiting or delaying water breakthrough of production wells.     

用粒子群算法反求割离井公式中的水文地质参数

【目的】研究粒子群算法在反求割离井公式水文地质参数中的适用性。【方法】以待估计的水文地质参数作为变量,利用割离井公式计算观测井的理论出水量,将理论出水量与观测出水量的偏差平方和作为目标函数,从而将反求割离井公式水文地质参数问题转化为最优化问题,利用粒子群算法进行求解。【结果】实例验证表明,粒子群算法用于反求割离井公式水文地质参数,计算精度高,不受人为因素干扰,可以取得理想效果。【结论】粒子群算法是反求割离井公式水文地质参数的新方法。