Effects of Diet and Weight Gain on Body Condition Scoring in Thoroughbred Geldings

In the horse, the body condition score (BCS) system to assess subcutaneous fat deposition is a useful tool for making feeding management decisions. The system includes assessing fat deposition at six body areas (neck, withers, shoulders, ribs, loin, and tail head) and was developed in Quarter Horse mares. It has not been tested for use on other breeds or genders, possibly compromising the system's ability to describe fat accretion in other classes of horse. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of the previously developed fat accretion characteristics to describe fat deposition in mature Thoroughbred (TB) geldings. An additional goal was to determine whether fewer body areas could be used. Fifteen mature TB geldings were fed for weight gain over an 8-month period on one of two diets and were independently assessed for BCS on a monthly basis by two judges. BCS was determined by averaging the scores that were assigned to each of the six body areas. Fat accretion characteristics were also recorded. Across both diets, the neck area scored significantly higher than the withers and loin (P < 0.05) throughout the study. A BCS derived only from the body areas of neck, shoulders, ribs, and tailhead was found to accurately predict the six body area−derived mean BCS. The results of this study provide justification for modifications of the BCS system for use in TB geldings and also demonstrated that fewer body areas can be used to accurately predict mean BCS.     

牛初乳免疫球蛋白对仔猪血清IgG含量和增重的影响

试验选用120头大白仔猪,随机分为3组。A组为对照组,饲喂生理盐水,其余各组均于出生后24 h之内饲喂不同剂量的牛初乳免疫球蛋白制剂,观察对仔猪5、10日龄血清中牛IgG和猪IgG含量以及断奶时增重的影响。结果表明,饲喂牛初乳免疫球蛋白制剂4 g的仔猪,其5、10日龄血清中牛IgG和猪IgG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),断奶时增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

两种壳聚糖对小鼠增重和免疫机能影响的试验研究

壳聚糖是一种天然来源的碱性多糖,安全无毒,具有广泛的生物活性作用。作者对壳聚糖促生长、增强动物免疫力的作用进行比较研究。研究结果表明,整个试验阶段各组小鼠的日采食量和日增重差异不显著（P>0.05）;1号与2号壳聚糖高剂量组的T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率极显著(P<0.01)高于空白对照组,并显著高于其他各添加壳聚糖组（P<0.05）;两种壳聚糖的中、高剂量组的吞噬指数、溶菌酶含量与空白对照组相比均有极显著差异（P<0.01）;1号与2号壳聚糖相比,对小鼠碳廓清指数影响的差异极显著（P<0.01）,而对血清溶菌酶含量差异显著（P<0.05）;壳聚糖对小鼠感染兔源大肠杆菌有保护作用,1号壳聚糖保护效果好于2号壳聚糖。     

The importance of landscape context for songbirds on migration: body mass gain is related to habitat cover

Landscape context influences many aspects of songbird ecology during the breeding season. The importance of landscape context at stopover sites for migrating songbirds, however, has received less attention. In particular, landscape context may affect the availability and quality of food for refueling during stopovers, which is critical for successful migration. We evaluated the influence of woody habitat cover in the surroundings of stopover sites at several spatial extents on the hourly changes of body mass in two species of European-African forest-dwelling songbird migrants (Willow Warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus, and the Eurasian Redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus). Data were sampled by standardized methods from a network of ringing stations throughout Europe during the falls of 1994–1996. In both species, hourly body mass gain calculated for first captures increased with woody habitat cover. We found a similar logarithmic relationship for both species, although for Willow Warblers mass gain was more strongly related to the habitat cover within 5 km, in contrast to 3 km for Redstarts. For Willow Warblers, where sufficient data are available for each year, the relationship is consistent over the years. The shape of the relationship suggests existence of a threshold of landscape suitability for refueling at stopover sites: in sites with less than 10% of woody habitat cover, birds tend to lose body mass or to gain mass at a lower rate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

高比例添加农产品工业加工下脚料对肉猪生长性能的影响

选用豆腐渣、啤酒渣、淀粉下脚料、酒精糟液、酱渣和药渣６种工业加工下脚料,作为肉猪配合饲料的主要来源进行不同比例的添加,经过１４０天生长育肥饲养试验表明,添加５０％以上多种加工下脚料替代常规饲料,肉猪日增重提高５％,饲料成本降低１３％～２５％,经济效益提高６４％～８４％,每头猪比喂常规饲料组多盈利８０～１０８元。而屠宰猪屠宰率、瘦肉率和胴体品质不受影响。     

法国番鸭与莆田白番鸭杂交的效果

为改善莆田白番鸭的生长速度和肉用性能,本试验选用法国Ｒ５１系番鸭与莆田白番鸭进行二元杂交,通过对杂交后代与亲本的生产性能进行比较．结果表明,７０日龄时杂交番鸭．莆田白番鸭平均体重公鸭分别为２８７０．６ｇ和２６１６．７ｇ,母鸭为１９５４．２ｇ和１７３７．５ｇ,经检验公鸭体重之间存在显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）,母鸭体重之间存在极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）,日增重公鸭分别为４０．３１ｇ和３６．６８ｇ,母鸭为２７．２４ｇ和２４．１５ｇ,杂交番鸭与莆田白番鸭的料肉比为３．０７和３．１４．由此可见,杂交番鸭与莆田白番鸭相比,具有生长快,体型大,饲料转化率高等特点,获得了良好的杂交效果．     

架子牛育肥精料配方筛选

试验研究了4种不同的精饲料配方对架子牛进行育肥。结果表明,试验 、 和 组日增重分别高于试验 组174g(P<0.01)、295g(P<0.01)和66g(P<0.01),试验 、 和 组之间日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。从日增重、投入产出综合分析, 组经济效益最高,依次是 组和 组。     

不同水平生物素对鸡生产性能的影响

生物素在动物的生长、繁殖、生产以及疾病防治等方面发挥着重大作用。本文主要研究了生物素与肉仔鸡增重和料肉比之间的关系、生物素与产蛋鸡产蛋率之间的关系以及生物素与生长鸡屠宰性能之间的关系,并提出了各种鸡日粮中生物素的最适添加量。     

全株玉米青贮饲料饲喂肉牛增重效果试验

试验选择10月龄左右,体重相近的西门塔尔公牛20头,随机分两组,每组10头,在精料补充水平相同的情况下,饲喂全株玉米青贮饲料和黄贮玉米青贮饲料进行对比分析,为全株玉米青贮饲料饲喂肉牛提供理论数据,并在今后同地区或相似地区的肉牛规模养殖场进行广泛推广。