Application of chlorophyll fluorescence for the diagnosis of salt stress in tomato “Solanum lycopersicum (variety Rio Grande)”

To study the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Rio Grande) to salinity, the effect on plant growth, water relations, stomatal conductance and Chlorophyll fluorescence was investigated. Tomato plants were grown in peat culture under controlled conditions and submitted during 28 days to saline stress ranging from 0 to 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM of NaCl. At the end of the experiment period, plant growth was significantly decreased with increasing salinity.     

The responses of photosynthetic capacity,chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content of nectarine (Prunus persica var. Nectarina Maxim) to greenhouse and field grown conditions

Three nectarine (Prunus persica var. Nectarina Maxim.) cultivars grown under solar-heated greenhouse and open-field in northwest China, were tested to evaluate their photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence response to both growth conditions, and whether nectarine plants acclimate to the solar-heated greenhouse growth condition. Comparisons of light-saturated photosynthetic capacity (Amax) and CO₂-saturated photosynthetic capacity (RuBPmax) indicated that each cultivar (Z, Zao-Hongzhu; H, Hua-Guang; Y, Yan-Guang) maintained similar rates of light-saturated and CO₂-saturated carbon assimilation when grown in both conditions. The curve of diurnal variation of net photosynthetic (P_N) rate showed double peaks in open-field but single when grown in greenhouse. Compared with open-field-grown plants, a significant increase of daily average P_N was found in Z but decreased in Y in greenhouse. The diurnal variation of F_v/F_m indicate that plants grown in greenhouse experience less photoinhibition than in open-field condition. A reduction in chlorophyll (chl) a/b ratio in leaves of greenhouse grown plants with significant increase in chlorophyll (chl) b content were obtained. The results suggest that some nectarine cultivars have the ability to acclimate to the solar-heated greenhouse growth condition.     

三倍体枇杷与其四倍体和二倍体亲本光系统活性差异

为探寻三倍体枇杷光合作用效率及光系统活性的特点,于2018-2019年的3、7、12月,连续两年对两个杂交三倍体Fj代B431 xGZl和B431 xGZ23,及其四倍体母本B431、二倍体父本GZ1、GZ23的叶片净光合速率(Pn)和快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP曲线)进行了测定及JIP-test分析.结果表...     

Leaf photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and ion content of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in response to salinity

Eight barley genotypes contrasting in their salinity tolerance were assessed for their chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic performance, lipid peroxidation level and ionic content. A pot experiment was conducted in Borj-Cedria (Tunisia), in a wire house with a glass roof to avoid rainfall. The assay consisted of three treatments (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) with eight barley genotypes following a completely randomized design. Each pot was considered as one replicate and nine replicates were used for each genotype and treatment. The salt-tolerant genotypes Kerkna and Tichedrett recorded the highest tolerance for photosynthesis and potassium accumulation, whereas the susceptible genotypes were mostly affected at severe salinity. Contrasting behavior was noted for fluorescence attributes, while PSII yield was unchanged reflecting good protection against photodamage. Photosynthetic performance, enhanced water use efficiency, maintained leaf K⁺ and oxidative defense remain the key components for tolerance mechanisms. Salt-tolerant barley could be suitable for management of salt-affected soils.     

不同R/FR比值对双断根西瓜嫁接苗生理及光合荧光特性的影响

为探究不同红光/远红光(R/FR)比值对双断根西瓜嫁接苗生理及光合荧光特性的影响,提高西瓜嫁接苗种苗品质,对双断根西瓜嫁接苗进行不同光质处理,共设置4种光质组合：黑暗(D)、白光(W)、高比值R/FR(R/FR=3,H)和低比值R/FR(R/FR=0.3,L),以黑暗为对照,分析西瓜嫁接苗幼苗形态、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶系统和光合荧光特性。结果表明：与对照相比,L处理显著提高了西瓜嫁接苗的成活率和生长指标,显著提高接穗叶片中的抗氧化酶活性(SOD和POD)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质量分数,同时显著降低了O^2-、H₂O₂和MDA的积累。L处理对西瓜嫁接苗光合系统也有一定影响：处理8 d时,嫁接苗光合特性指标、Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’和ФPSⅡ显著升高,NPQ显著下降;而长时间处理(20 d)会导致叶绿素质量分数以及光合特性指标降低,Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’、ФPSⅡ和qP下降,NPQ显著升高。综上,低比值R/FR处理能够通过增强西瓜嫁接苗抗氧化能力并影响光合作用的过程,最终促进双断根西瓜嫁接苗的成活及生长。     

拟南芥at3g57680基因编码的CtpA蛋白对光系统Ⅱ功能的影响

采用电镜技术、Northern印迹技术、蓝绿温和胶电泳、SDS-PAGE电泳和蛋白免疫印迹等方法对拟南芥at3g57680基因缺失的突变体植株研究。结果表明:(1)突变体植株和野生型植株的叶绿体都呈扁球状,叶绿体的大小基本一样,叶绿体内部基质,基粒均匀分布,基粒类囊体垛叠层数相近;(2)psbA、psbB、psbC和psbO基因mRNA水平没有变化;(3)类囊体膜蛋白复合物的组成、表达量以及蛋白复合物各亚单位的组成和含量也是基本一致,且突变体与野生型植株中D1蛋白的表达量也保持一致。说明在正常生长环境中,拟南芥at3g57680基因的缺失对叶绿体显微结构、D1蛋白的成熟加工以及PSⅡ蛋白组成等没有影响,即at3g57680基因编码的类CtpA蛋白对PSⅡ功能没有影响。     

Effect of Drought on the Gas Exchange,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Yield of Six Different‐Era Spring Wheat Cultivars

In semi‐arid areas of north‐west China, grain yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are higher in recently bred cultivars than those released six decades earlier. The gas exchange, chloroplast activity and yield of six spring wheat cultivars grown in the 1950s, Hst and Gs96 (early), in the 1970s, Gy602 and Dx24 (intermediate), and in the 1990s, Gc20 and Lc8275 (modern) were compared with adequate water (WET) and drought stress (DRY) to determine the effects of drought stress among the cultivars. The results showed that in the WET treatment, the modern cultivars had significantly higher rates of leaf gas exchange, photosystem 2 (PS2) maximal photochemical efficiency, actual quantum yield of PS2 (ФPS2), photochemical quenching of chlorophyll (_qp) and lower non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) than early cultivars, but had significantly lower gas exchange rates, intercellular CO₂ concentration, ФPS2, _qp and NPQ in the DRY treatment. In the WET treatment, the grain yield of early cultivars was significantly lower (10 %) than intermediate cultivars, but was significantly higher (17 %) than intermediate cultivars in the DRY treatment. The modern and intermediate cultivars had more sensitive stomata to water shortage, but the decreased activity of the PS2 reaction centre helped avoid damage from photoinhibition in these cultivars.     

Variation in thylakoid proteins and photosynthesis in Syrian landraces of barley

Summary Barley breeders at ICARDA have observed that genotypes adapted to dry regions have leaves which are lighter in colour than those of unadapted ones. We measured photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratios in two sets of genotypes which had previously been observed to have either light green or dark green leaves when grown in the field. Thylakoid membranes were also extracted and the proteins analysed on SDS-PAGE gels.The light leaf colour was associated with a higher chlorophyll a:b ratio. This was a measure of a reduction in the amount of antenna chlorophyll compared to that in the core complex of PSII. Genotypes with light green leaves had consistently less chlorophyll per unit leaf area and lower photosynthetic rates per unit area than those with dark green leaves.It is suggested that these features of light green leaves may confer the ability to adapt to high levels of irradiance under drought conditions. This ability may result from a high rate of photosynthetic electron transport through each PSII reaction centre, thus reducing the risk of damage from the overexcitation of these centres.     

盐胁迫下钾离子对甜高粱碳同化和光系统Ⅱ的影响

以甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)为材料,比较不同盐胁迫条件下钾离子对甜高粱碳同化能力和光系统II光化学效率的影响.结果表明,随着K+浓度提高,K+/Na+比例提高,但盐胁迫明显降低该比例.低钾条件下盐胁迫导致的碳同化能力下降是非气孔限制的结果.低钾和盐胁迫共同作用下初始荧光产量升高、最大荧光产量和最大光化学效率下降;同时,光下实际光化学效率降低,分配到光化学反应的光能减少.当高钾和盐胁迫同时存在时净光合速率也降低,并且光系统Ⅱ发生伤害     

植物光响应修正模型中系数的生物学意义研究

植物光合作用对光响应修正模型被广泛应用于植物光合特性的研究,但该模型中系数的生物学意义不清楚。通过分析,认为植物光响应修正模型中系数分别为光抑制项和光饱和项。通过量纲分析,植物光响应修正模型中光抑制项和光饱和项的生物学意义是光系统II天线色素分子光量子吸收截面与其处于激发态平均寿命的乘积。光系统II天线色素分子处于激发态的平均寿命较长且光量子吸收截面较小,则不利于光量子的吸收;如果光系统II天线色素分子的光量子吸收截面较大且其激发态的平均寿命较短,则有利于光量子的吸收。研究结果表明:如果光饱和项系数大且光抑制项系数也大,则植物越容易受抑制;如果光饱和项系数小且光抑制项系数也小,则植物越不容易发生光抑制。