Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines

The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI.     

适度水分胁迫提高黄瓜幼苗光合作用弱光适应性

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）‘戴多星’品种为试材,在人工气候室内研究弱光（75 ~ 85 μmol · m-2 · s-1）下水分胁迫（40%基质最大持水量）对幼苗叶片光合、荧光特性及Rubisco含量的影响。结果表明,弱光逆境下,经20 d水分胁迫后的幼苗较正常水分条件下叶片光合色素（以单位面积计）含量提高,叶绿素a/b（Chl.a/b）下降,植株光饱和光合速率Asat、表观量子效率（AQY）、羧化效率（CE）、RuBP最大再生速率及光饱和点（LSP）均显著增加,CO2补偿点（CCP）显著下降,并且光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、PSⅡ光化学量子效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学反应速率（Prate）、非环式电子传递速率（J）以及PSⅡ吸收光能向光化学反应分配比例P等叶绿素荧光参数呈增加趋势,PSⅠ和PSⅡ间激发能分配不平衡性（β / α–1）减小,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量和Rubisco大、小亚基含量上升,表明适度的水分胁迫有利于提高弱光下黄瓜幼苗的光合适应性;而正常光照下（500 ~ 600 μmol · m-2 · s-1）经水分胁迫后的黄瓜幼苗上述主要光合特性指标如Asat、RuBP最大再生速率、CE、ΦPSⅡ、Prate、J和P等有所下降,光系统间激发能分配不平衡性（β / α–1）增加,光合作用受到一定抑制。     

山茶属三个物种光合特性日变化

采用LI-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对山茶属植物:宛田红花油茶、攸县油茶、普通油茶以‘湘林1号’为例的光合作用进行测定并进行综合分析。结果表明:攸县油茶比普通油茶‘湘林1号’、宛田红花油茶有更好的光合作用效率,净光合速率总量分别为54.22、44.75、34.51μmol H2O.m-2.s-1。     

Photosynthesis of field-grown Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars in relation to root-yield

There has been limited research on measuring potential differences in leaf gas exchange of Arracacha (Peruvian parsnip, Arracacia xanthorriza Bancroft) cultivars, as affected by different environments, as well as its relation to storage root-yield. The present paper reports field measurements of leaf CO₂ assimilation rates (A) for five contrasting cultivars grown at two different high-altitude locations. Using a design of plots chosen at random with three repetitions, commercial root production was determined in the two locations at different altitude (1580 and 1930 m). Daily leaf gas exchange was repeatedly monitored with a portable open-mode infrared gas analyzer at different times in both locations during the growth cycle. Root-yield, leaf area and dry weight were measured. Significant differences in leaf photosynthetic rate and in specific leaf area (SLA) were observed among cultivars. Cultivars with high SLA, had high CO₂ assimilation. Mean (A_n) and total (A_tot) of CO₂ assimilation and SLA were significantly correlated with storage root-yield across cultivars and locations. The three cultivars with the greatest commercial root production also had the highest maximum values for A and the highest specific leaf area, indicating that these two parameters can be used to select for highly productive cultivars of A. xanthorriza.     

一种基于硼氢化钠的新型储氢材料研究

硼氢化钠的水解产物是一种新的储氢材料,其良好的可逆储氢能力在5MPa氢气压力真空条件下3分钟后在室温下吸收氢150。根据报道,它已被证明,这两种改变的催化剂NaBH4水解和添加催化剂直接插入接口是两个非常有效进一步提高接口的储氢容量。对hpsb-y2o3脱氢TiO2分别掺杂均达到重量2.4%和重量4.6%。重要的是对hpsb-y2o3可逆的脱氢能力不下降后成功———超循环。相比之下,对hpsb-ceo2可逆脱氢高达到重量5.9%,在室温下5分钟后3MPa氢气压力150氢吸附。     

基于灰色系统模型的银川市耕地资源人口承载力研究

介绍了银川市概况以及其耕地、粮食和人口变化特征,探讨了人均耕地、粮食阀值的确定,建立了人口、耕地、粮食预测GM（1,1）模型,并运用该模型对银川市2009~2020年耕地、粮食总产量、总人口进行分析预测,提出了坚持耕地使用集约化、合理控制城市人口增长等对策建议,以期解决耕地资源人口承载力问题。     

环境容量初始配置的建模思路和求解方法探讨

结合我国当前处于由目标总量控制向容量总量控制过渡时期的特点,以公平与效率为配置原则,构建了由法定削减与公平削减组成的两步削减模型。通过模糊聚类分析和层次分析法的联合应用,建立了模型的求解方法。     

不同早实核桃品种结果母枝结实能力的研究

为了改进栽培措施、使早实核桃连年丰产稳产,研究了不同早实核桃品种的不同类型结果母枝的结实能力以及1 a生枝的拉枝效果,结果表明,在所研究的早实核桃品种中,辽宁1号结果母枝连续结实能力最强,其4 a生枝段上连续3 a结果母枝比例及混合花芽比例分别为51.67%和55.83%;然后依次是辽宁3号、中林1号、绿岭和鲁果1号,分别为60.94%和36.30%、52.78%和36.99%、20.12%和42.83%、15.43%和15.30%。1 a生枝拉枝后的萌芽率平均为56%,未拉枝的仅36%,拉枝后平均新梢结果数提高了10%。     

氢环境中含轴向裂纹管道扩展孕育期的计算

在天然气输送工程中，广泛存在着管道的氢损伤问题，根据内聚力损伤模型，运用权函数方法，通过计算数学裂纹长度，提出了含油向裂纹管道在氢环境承载能力的评估方法和裂纹扩展孕育期的计算方法，分析表明，随着裂纹尖端氢浓度的增大，裂纹尖端的内聚力随之减小，数学裂工度随之增大，管道的承载能力大大降低，另外从理论和数值计算两方面分析了操作压力，氢 环境，氢扩散系数以及环境温度对孕育的影响。     

有关捕捞能力量化统计方法的探讨

文章介绍了在我国渔业统计资源中，与捕捞能力相关的项目，以及在渔业管理初中中，对捕捞能力进行宏观控制的主要指标：渔船数、主机总功率和总吨位等，还介绍了我国近海渔业中单一和复合渔业捕捞能力的量化方法，并对各种作业方式中影响捕捞能力的主要因素进行了分析，提出在量化计算时应注意的问题。本文以东、黄海底托网渔业为进行捕捞能力的修正。由于影响捕捞能力的因素很多，文章还初步得出利用灰色系统理论建立捕捞能力的综合指数的设想和可行性，以便较为全面地反映和统一量化不同渔船或多种渔业的捕捞能力，供渔业管理参考。