The use of the hand-held infrared thermometer as an early detection tool for exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses: A study at racetracks in eastern Australia

Thoroughbred racehorses perform exercise at maximal intensities and typically display a hyperthermic exercise response, which can drive core body temperature to critical levels. Despite extremely efficient thermoregulatory mechanisms, certain weather conditions may affect the horse’s ability to cool and result in a syndrome referred to as exertional heat illness (EHI). This is characterised by central nervous system dysfunction, as well as cytotoxic effects of heat on cells, which can produce deleterious consequences. Early detection of exertional heat illness (EHI) in Thoroughbred racehorses can be difficult because signs are often vague and the measurement of rectal temperature as an indicator of hyperthermia is not practical. Best practice in the treatment of EHI in horses, as in human subjects, centres on early detection, rapid assessment and aggressive cooling. Research in human subjects has shown that EHI is manageable when recognised early and appropriate treatment provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement of skin surface temperature (SST) by an infrared thermometer as an aid in the early detection of EHI. A skin surface temperature ≥39°C in the immediate postrace period is considered to be hot. It reflects the interaction of exercise-related metabolic heat production, physiological adjustments to the skin surface such as vasodilation and sweating, together with the effect of high ambient temperature. Most importantly, high SST is associated with a reduced core-to-skin temperature difference, which retards heat transfer from the deep body tissues to the skin and can hinder heat dissipation. Identification of horses with high SSTs can prioritise them for rapid cooling and curtail possible progression to EHI.     

禁抗后仔猪细菌性腹泻的临床诊断与防治

为了促进食品安全和养猪业的健康发展,禁止在饲料中使用促生长抗生素势在必行.随着我国的饲料禁抗相关法规的推行,饲料企业被严格禁止在饲料生产过程中加入抗生素,这也导致了猪场疾病尤其是肠道疾病的高发,而仔猪肠道发育未完全,免疫系统未发育成熟,更容易发生严重的腹泻甚至死亡.文章对几种常见的仔猪细菌性腹泻疾病进行了回顾,病原包括...     

优良生防枯草芽孢杆菌CY1固态发酵研制生物有机肥工艺参数优化

枯草芽孢杆菌CY1是一株广谱性的根际促生菌,为促进农业废弃物的资源化利用,提高固态发酵生产生物有机肥过程中枯草芽孢杆菌CY1的扩繁能力,研究采用猪粪堆肥为原料,麸皮、豆粕、玉米粉为辅料进行固态发酵研制新型生物有机肥,以有效活菌数为参考指标,确定原料、辅料最佳配比及接种量。选用Plackett-Burman试验设计对影响发酵的8个因素进行效应评价,筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素：初始pH、发酵温度及含水量。用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域,通过响应面分析法确定最优发酵工艺参数。结果表明,固态发酵条件为初始pH 7.51、KH₂PO₄含量0.75%、MgSO₄含量0.15%、MnSO₄含量0.15%、发酵温度36.10℃、葡萄糖含量6.00%、(NH₄)₂SO₄含量0.75%、含水量26.33%,此时固态发酵产物有效活菌数最大,达到4.57×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1。该研究为利用农业废弃物采用合适的...     

Responsible Research and Innovation Framework,the Nagoya Protocol and Other European Blue Biotechnology Strategies and Regulations: Gaps Analysis and Recommendations for Increased Knowledge in the Marine Biotechnology Community

As the quest for marine-derived compounds with pharmacological and biotechnological potential upsurges, the importance of following regulations and applying Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) also increases. This article aims at: (1) presenting an overview of regulations and policies at the international and EU level, while demonstrating a variability in their implementation; (2) highlighting the importance of RRI in biodiscovery; and (3) identifying gaps and providing recommendations on how to improve the market acceptability and compliance of novel Blue Biotechnology compounds. This article is the result of the work of the Working Group 4 “Legal aspects, IPR and Ethics” of the COST Action CA18238 Ocean4Biotech, a network of more than 130 Marine Biotechnology scientists and practitioners from 37 countries. Three qualitative surveys (“Understanding of the Responsible Research and Innovation concept”, “Application of the Nagoya Protocol in Your Research”, and “Brief Survey about the experiences regarding the Nagoya Protocol”) indicate awareness and application gaps of RRI, the Nagoya Protocol, and the current status of EU policies relating to Blue Biotechnology. The article categorises the identified gaps into five main categories (awareness, understanding, education, implementation, and enforcement of the Nagoya Protocol) and provides recommendations for mitigating them at the European, national, and organisational level.     

Degradation Studies of the Non-lethal Bird Repellent,Methyl Anthranilate

Methyl anthranilate (MA), a food grade flavor and fragrance additive, has been reported to be an effective non-lethal bird repellent in a variety of situations. Despite the experimental success of MA, field studies have yielded widely differing levels of efficacy. Diminished efficacy in some field trials probably results from the failure of specific formulations to retain or protect the active ingredient under natural conditions. Therefore, a clearer understanding of the physical and chemical factors affecting the stability of MA is needed. We undertook a series of laboratory studies on hydrolysis, photolysis and microbial degradation of MA, the results of which could be useful in the development of appropriate formulation strategies and residue analyses. We found the n-octanol:water partition coefficient, (P) to be 84. MA is not subject to hydrolysis at 25°C in phosphate buffer media at pH 5·0, 7·0 and 9·0. MA slowly photodegrades under simulated UV ‘sunlight’. Forty-four percent of MA is lost after 432 h illuminance at 1·25 mW cm⁻², which is equivalent to approximately 1200 h natural sunlight (40°N, noontime, June). Kinetic data indicate that the initial step of photolysis, subsequent to excitation, is a second-order reaction with respect to MA. A major photodegradation product appeared in an amount of about 10% of the mass balance and was determined to be an oxidized trimer of MA. MA is primarily affected by aerobic microbial degradation. For a 12:12 h light:dark, under laboratory illumination, 12% of water-solubilized material can be lost in the first seven days. Losses were 30% and 42% at 16 and 27 days, respectively. Under conditions of optimal bacterial growth (warmth and darkness) loss of MA was 22% at nine days and 100% by 20 days. The susceptibility of MA to microbial degradation is promising for the prospects of developing formulated, environmentally safe, bird repellents.     

响应面法优化黄秋葵酸奶发酵工艺

以冷冻干燥的黄秋葵粉和鲜牛奶为主要原料,经乳酸菌发酵生产黄秋葵酸奶。以酸奶的持水率和感官评价为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上,利用响应曲面分析法,对黄秋葵酸奶生产工艺进行优化。结果表明:确定黄秋葵酸奶生产的最优工艺参数为黄秋葵粉添加量0.37%、接种量4.1%、发酵时间5.3 h和发酵温度41.8℃。在此条件下黄秋葵酸奶的综合评分为0.989 5,理论值0.999 1与试验值的相对偏差为0.97%。所制得的黄秋葵酸奶口感细腻、香气淡雅、风味独特,且基本理化指标符合国家标准。     

中国葡萄野生种对葡萄根癌病的抗性

通过田间接种鉴定，系统研究了中国葡萄属１３个种和变种的２６个株系对葡萄根癌病的抗性，筛选出高抗株系１０个。其中燕山葡萄（♀）因扦插容易生根，可用自根苗作为抗葡萄根癌病砧木进行嫁接试验，其余可用作抗葡萄根癌病的育种资源     

城市植物抑菌效果对环境变化的响应

以吉林医药学院附属医院为采样点,采用室内限定条件和室外自然条件下相结合抑茵试验方法,对环境变化下城市植物抑茵效果的影响(随每日的时间变化、对不同天气、不同类型样地植物抑菌效果的响应)进行研究.结果表明:灌木、落叶乔木和常绿乔木的抑菌效果随一日内时间的变化不完全一致.一般情况下,常绿乔木变化大于落叶乔木与灌木;对天气而言,植物抑菌能力晴天＞阴天＞雨天＞雪天.     

Changes of myocardial glycogen content and right ventricular function in hypoxia swimming rats

AIM: To investigate the changes of myocardium glycogen content and the relation ship between changes of the myocardial glycogen content and the myocardial function. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were placed in (hypoxia rats) and made to swim in (hypoxia swimming rats) a hypobaxic chamber simulating an altitude of 5 000 m above sea level. The content of myocardium glycogens was determined by colorimetry. RESULTS: The myocardium
glycogen content of rats significantly reduced along with the prolongation of hypoxic exposure and approached to control level in hypoxia swimming rats. The myocardial function of right ventricule was improved significantly compared with control group.CONCLUSION: Moderate exercise (swimming) is beneficial to hypoxic adaptation of rats under the condition of chronic hypoxia.