农业机械招投标过程的机制设计及案例分析

在农业机械招投标过程中,人们或者着眼于经济利益,或者偏重于质量问题,缺少综合考虑质量、成本、品牌的的方法。现有的综合考虑几方面问题的方法也仅限于定性研究。本文就农业机械的多目标招投标理论进行了有益的探索,并给出了两种方法,一种是运用不同系数进行指标量化,一种是运用机制设计的思想,博弈论的知识建立数学模型,并给出各种不同状态下,应以什么为侧重点进行供应商选择。     

黄芪多糖水提液流变特性研究

粘度是黄芪多糖提取、加工处理过程中的一个重要参数,溶液温度、黄芪总糖含量、浸提温度是重要影响因素.研究结果表明,粘度随溶液温度升高而降低,粘度越大,温度变化对其影响越显著;黄芪总糖含量低于300mg/mL或高于1000mg/mL时,溶液温度对粘度影响较小;浸提温度超过70℃后,不同粒度物料浸提液的总糖含量未增而粘度明显增大,黄芪多糖浸提温度不宜超过70℃.     

大型地下洞室群施工通风的三维数值模拟

大型地下洞室群的施工通风问题是保证安全、加快施工进度的关键。传统的施工通风设计无法掌控真实通风效果,导致资源浪费。基于流体力学理论的地下洞室群施工通风三维数值模拟,能定量分析大型洞室、关键节点或通风洞(井)等的通风效果,为通风方案的设计和优化提供依据。     

Influence of soil water on stress–strain behaviour of a compacting soil in semi-arid Kenya

Depending on the top and subsoil textures, semi-arid soils exhibit cohesive and frictional properties that are associated with the relatively high soil strength, bulk density and penetration resistance. The objective of this study was to gain the knowledge of mechanical properties of the compacting chromic luvisols in order to improve the design of tillage tools. Therefore, we applied critical state soil mechanics to study the stress–strain behaviour of the luvisols using triaxial tests under laboratory conditions. Field investigations involved random collection of undisturbed soil samples which were subjected to triaxial testing first by isotropic consolidation and compression and then triaxial shearing. Plots of deviatoric stress against axial strain were made to determine the soil shear strengths at the critical states over different soil water levels and the two soil depths of 0–20 cm for the plough and 20–40 cm for the hard pan layers, respectively. An exponential model used to fit the deviatoric stress–axial strain test data accurately predicted the trends. Soil water significantly influenced the shear strength, cohesion (c′) and internal angle of friction (′) and hence the mechanical behaviour of the luvisols. The regression equations developed showed that c′ and ′ have quadratic relationships with soil water. The very high clay bonding strength in the subsoil (hard pan) layer resulted in high shear strength, bulk density and penetration resistance values for this soil layer. The increase in shear strength with decreasing water content affected the deviatoric stress–axial strain relationships between the upper and lower plastic limits of the sandy soil. Thus, as the soil dried, the soil ceased to behave in the plastic (ductile flow) manner and thus began to break apart and crumble. The crumbling was indicative of brittle failure. The transition stage from an increase to a decrease in c′ and ′ values with soil water occurred in the soil water content range of 6–10%. Knowledge of stress–strain behaviour of compacting soils is of practical significance in the design of appropriate tillage tools for the specific soil type.     

步行轮式气垫车围裙—地面阻力特性分析

对步行轮式气垫车围裙－地面阻力特性进行了分析。建立了步行轮式气垫车围裙－地面阻力的精确数学模型，并进行了试验验证。探讨了几个主要因素对围裙－地面阻力的影响。     

育肥猪舍用混凝土微缝地板的截面优化

为解决现有混凝土微缝地板因截面设计不尽合理产生的承载力富余过大,导致实际生产中板体自重大、生产和运输成本高等问题。该文通过计算假定、截面和荷载转化的方法,对混凝土微缝地板的结构进行了理论剖析,对其制造材料、板体尺寸、配筋等进行了优化和力学性能计算。在截面面积减少3600mm2、纵向钢筋面积减少213mm2、混凝土的标号由C30调至C25的情况下,单块地板的正截面抗弯值为3.14kN.m,斜截面抗剪值为3.56kN,裂缝宽度值为0.167mm,跨中截面挠度值为3.70mm,均可满足育肥猪安全使用要求。优化后,单块地板混凝土使用量可节省0.01m3,每平米地面铺设成本降低18%。     

Nash Equilibrium Mechanic of Environmental and Human Capital

The externality of surrounding is introduced into the 2-capital of economical increasing models, which includes human factors, to explore the influences of circumstances contradiction on the human capital formation. The normal and special nash equilibrium of environmental and human capital is presented through a limited boundary model of overlapping generations. The character of equilibrium trail and its economical meaning are examined. The study on the model shows that laissez faire economy will be either stagnant,growing,or collapsing in the long-run,depending on the returns of the learning technology with respect to the two kinds of capital,the initial state of economy,and the relative price of the environmental and consumption goods.     

轨道式奶牛精饲料精确饲喂装备机械系统设计

实施奶牛精细养殖是奶业发展的必然趋势,是提高奶牛养殖技术水平、降低生产成本的重要举措。为此,在前期研究基础上,完成了轨道式奶牛精饲料精确饲喂装备机械系统设计。该装备采用步进电机驱动与等径变螺距容积式计量方式相结合实现装备的精确给料,通过直流电机驱动与轨道式行进机构相结合实现装备的往复行进,实现了奶牛饲喂装备的行进与精确投料。试验结果表明:给料误差小于2%,符合精细养殖技术要求。     

喷雾机药罐液体纵向晃动等效力学模型建立与应用

针对高地隙自走式喷雾机在复杂工况下,药罐液体发生的纵向晃动对整机平顺性及作业质量影响难以探明的问题,基于液体晃动动力学特性及机械模型等效准则,建立了可描述药罐液体纵向晃动的弹簧-质量-阻尼等效力学模型,并利用力学等价原则,对模型参数进行了求解。应用Fluent流体仿真软件建立罐内液体晃动仿真模型,并通过台架实验验证了其仿真结果能够反映真实的液体晃动冲击作用。应用Matlab/Simulink软件,建立等效力学数值解析模型,结合Fluent仿真结果对比分析了充液比为0.1、0.5、0.9时液体纵向晃动作用在容器壁的力矩变化规律,验证了所建等效模型的准确性。将所构建的等效力学模型应用于喷雾机垂向动力学特性分析,得到药液晃动和药液质量变化对整机行驶平顺性有较大影响且充液比为0.8时整机行驶平顺性较差的结论。     

2BQM-6型免耕播种机结构设计及开沟器的力学分析

保护性耕作技术因其具有减少风蚀、保墒、提前播种期等作用,近年来在北方干旱地区得到逐步推广。免耕播种机作为保护性耕作的主要机具,其使用性能直接影响着这一技术的应用。为此,根据目前免耕播种机存在的主要问题,设计了2BQM-6型气吸式免耕播种机,实现了切茬、排茬、施肥、播种及覆土镇压等联合作业。在此基础上,对该免耕播种机重要部件开沟器进行了力学分析,寻找出了开沟器最容易疲劳失效的部位。